{"id":13158,"date":"2024-03-29T13:05:33","date_gmt":"2024-03-29T13:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/29\/heres-how-magnetic-fields-shape-desert-ants-brains\/"},"modified":"2024-03-29T13:05:33","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T13:05:33","slug":"heres-how-magnetic-fields-shape-desert-ants-brains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/29\/heres-how-magnetic-fields-shape-desert-ants-brains\/","title":{"rendered":"Here\u2019s how magnetic fields shape desert ants\u2019 brains"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>For desert ants, Earth\u2019s magnetic field isn\u2019t just a compass: It may also sculpt their brains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stepping outside their nest for the first time, young ants need to learn how to forage. The ants train partly by walking a loop near their nests for the first three days. During this stroll, they repeatedly pause and then pirouette to gaze back at the nest entrance, learning how to find their way back home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2320764121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> when the magnetic field around the nest entrance was disturbed<\/a>, ant apprentices couldn\u2019t figure out where to look, often gazing in random directions, researchers report in the Feb. 20 <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>. What\u2019s more, the altered magnetic field seemed to affect connections between neurons in the learning and memory centers in the young ants\u2019 brains.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[.zephr-payment-form.svelte-13h66j{margin:20px auto;padding:20px;background-color:#fff;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            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var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}.zephr-payment-form-google-icon.svelte-1fdq0ht{width:20px}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[#zephr-payment-form-root > div {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n   \n}\n\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > button {\n    max-width: 50%;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n    border-radius: 1px;\n    background-color: #e04821;\n    color: white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > div.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{\n    color:white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > label > span {\n    color:white;\n}    \n.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz {\n    display: none;\n}\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>The finding \u201cmay make it easier to better understand how magnetic fields are sensed [in animals]\u201d as scientists now know one way that magnetic fields can influence brain development, says Robin Grob, a biologist at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For years, scientists have known that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/birds-get-their-internal-compass-newly-id-eye-protein\">some species of birds<\/a>, fishes, turtles, moths and butterflies rely on Earth\u2019s magnetic field to navigate (<em>SN: 4\/3\/18)<\/em>. In 2018, Grob and other scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(18)30372-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added desert ants to that list<\/a>. Young ants first appeared to use the magnetic field as a reference while learning how to use landmarks and the sun as guides to orient themselves in the right direction to gaze back toward the nest with its small, hard-to-see entrance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, knowing where in the brain magnetic cues are processed has proved challenging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To help crack the case, Grob and colleagues turned to one species of desert ant (<em>Cataglyphis nodus<\/em>) living in a southern Greece dry pine forest. The team marked ants with a colored dot to distinguish between experienced foragers and young ones. Identifying the stage of ants was easy, says Pauline Fleischmann, a behavioral biologist who did the work while at the University of W\u00fcrzburg in Germany. \u201cThe experienced foragers [would] just run out of the nest and disappear [searching for food], whereas the new ones walk in little circles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just outside the nest entrance, the researchers also set up a device that messes with magnetic fields. In one experiment, as the team used the device to nullify the part of Earth\u2019s magnetic field that runs parallel to the ground, the young ants struggled to orient themselves to face toward the nest entrance during their learning walks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3137843\">This computer model of a cross-section of an ant\u2019s brain highlights structures called mushroom bodies (the pair of branching structures (magenta) topped by the mushroom shapes (green)), which are involved in learning and orientation. New research suggests that may be where the ant processes navigational cues from Earth\u2019s magnetic field. <\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3137843\">Wolfgang R\u00f6ssler<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers then collected the ants, extracted their brains and examined a pair of structures called the mushroom bodies that are involved in learning and orientation. Ants exposed to a disturbed magnetic field had smaller mushroom bodies with fewer number of connections between neurons compared with ants that ran about in a normal magnetic environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat makes a lot of sense,\u201d says Charalambos Kyriacou, a behavioral geneticist at the University of Leicester in England who was not involved in the study. The ants\u2019 learning behaviors, he notes, seem to be directly associated with anatomical changes in their brain. \u201cWhen the ants were learning, you see the changes also in their mushroom bodies. But when you disrupt the magnetic field, the ants were not learning, and you don\u2019t see [those] changes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, weirdly, when researchers completely eliminated the magnetic field around a nest entrance \u2014 not just that part parallel to the surface \u2014 the ants could orient themselves just fine and their brains did not display the same effects as seen in ants exposed to the altered magnetic field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That might be because ants can prioritize navigational cues based on what information is available, the researchers suggest. When the magnetic field is disrupted but available, the ant may still try to make sense of that. Whereas \u201cif there is no magnetic information at all, they might realize that they cannot use it and start using other cues as the backup,\u201d says Fleischmann, who is now at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>It could be interesting to learn whether these magnetic signals have an impact only early in life or throughout the life span of the ants, says Susanne \u00c5kesson, a sensory ornithologist at Lund University in Sweden. Such signals could be especially valuable for organisms living in more arid deserts like the Sahara, where the shape of landmarks keep changing. \u201cIt could be a sandstorm overnight and the environment is completely different when you go out from the nest in the morning.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For desert ants, Earth\u2019s magnetic field isn\u2019t just a compass: It may also sculpt their brains. Stepping outside their nest for the first time, young ants need to learn how to forage. The ants train partly by walking a loop near their nests for the first three days. During this stroll, they repeatedly pause and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/032024_sb_ant-nav_inline.jpg?resize=680%2C382&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[18619,2738,18148,5559,671,16719,1972],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13158"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13160,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13158\/revisions\/13160"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}