{"id":13212,"date":"2024-03-30T04:08:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T04:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/30\/earths-oldest-known-earthquake-was-probably-triggered-by-plate-tectonics\/"},"modified":"2024-03-30T04:08:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T04:08:47","slug":"earths-oldest-known-earthquake-was-probably-triggered-by-plate-tectonics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/30\/earths-oldest-known-earthquake-was-probably-triggered-by-plate-tectonics\/","title":{"rendered":"Earth\u2019s oldest known earthquake was probably triggered by plate tectonics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists studying rocks in South Africa report evidence for the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1130\/G51997.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earliest known earthquake triggered by plate tectonics<\/a>.\u00a0The temblor struck more than 3 billion years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rocks preserve telltale signs of ancient submarine landslides that tend to occur in response to giant earthquakes set off by some collisions of slabs of the planet\u2019s crust, geologists Cornel de Ronde and Simon Lamb report February 27 in <em>Geology<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finding evidence of such a giant earthquake so early in Earth\u2019s roughly 4.5-billion-year history throws a spotlight on a hotly debated topic in geology: When did <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/earth-plate-tectonics-volcanoes-earthquakes-faults\">plate tectonics<\/a>, the constant movements of interlocking pieces of crust, arise (<em>SN: 1\/13\/21<\/em>)?<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: 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.box-top .box-top-text.svelte-n3rpbn{font-weight:bold}.box-container.svelte-n3rpbn .box-bottom.svelte-n3rpbn{min-height:60px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:20px 0 30px;margin:0 30px}.button-sub-text.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{margin-top:10px}.zephr-payment-form-password-match.svelte-1ex4o7g.svelte-1ex4o7g{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-payment-form-password-match.svelte-1ex4o7g ul.svelte-1ex4o7g{padding-left:0px}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement.svelte-1ex4o7g.svelte-1ex4o7g{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:12px;height:20px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            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var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}.zephr-payment-form-google-icon.svelte-1fdq0ht{width:20px}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[#zephr-payment-form-root > div {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n   \n}\n\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > button {\n    max-width: 50%;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n    border-radius: 1px;\n    background-color: #e04821;\n    color: white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > div.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{\n    color:white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > label > span {\n    color:white;\n}    \n.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz {\n    display: none;\n}\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>Some geologists think it took a while for plate tectonics to emerge, no earlier than 2.8 billion years ago. Others argue <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/earth-plate-tectonics-may-have-started-earlier-than-we-thought\">it began much earlier<\/a> (<em>SN: 4\/22\/20<\/em>). It\u2019s hard to know for sure because very few rocks from this period of the planet\u2019s history exist anymore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI am a strong advocate \u2026 of the other argument that plate tectonics has been with us at least as long as the oldest rocks preserved on Earth, and probably even much before,\u201d says Timothy Kusky of the State Key Lab for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources in Wuhan, China. \u201cThis study lends strong support to this second view.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De Ronde, of GNS Science in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, had mapped the distribution of the belt\u2019s different rock types and published the results in 2021. When Lamb, of the Victoria University of Wellington, saw the map, he spotted something surprising: The distribution of ancient rock layers and formations looked a lot like Lamb\u2019s map of the distribution of submarine landslides in New Zealand that were triggered by earthquakes relatively recently in geologic time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s different rock, but the way the rocks were arranged was uncannily similar,\u201d Lamb says. \u201cIt unlocked the whole mystery of these early rocks.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image \"><picture class=\"sn-responsive-image\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-desktop.png?w=680&amp;ssl=1 680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-desktop.png?resize=579%2C383&amp;ssl=1 579w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-desktop.png?resize=281%2C186&amp;ssl=1 281w\" width=\"680\" height=\"450\" media=\"(min-width: 600px)\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 680px\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-mobile.png?w=680&amp;ssl=1 680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-mobile.png?resize=579%2C383&amp;ssl=1 579w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-mobile.png?resize=281%2C186&amp;ssl=1 281w\" width=\"680\" height=\"450\"><\/source><\/source><\/picture><figcaption><span class=\"caption mobile-caption wp-caption-3137776\">In the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa, silica-rich sedimentary rock layers squeezed by intense pressure into folds of chert (outlined) may offer evidence that plate tectonics triggered a powerful megathrust earthquake between about 3.2 billion and 3.6 billion years ago.<\/span><span class=\"credit mobile-credit wp-credit-3137776\">Cornel de Ronde<\/span><span class=\"caption desktop-caption wp-caption-3137777\">In the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa, silica-rich sedimentary rock layers squeezed by intense pressure into folds of chert (outlined) may offer evidence that plate tectonics triggered a powerful megathrust earthquake between about 3.2 billion and 3.6 billion years ago.<\/span><span class=\"credit desktop-credit wp-credit-3137777\">Cornel de Ronde<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>The comparison suggests the Barberton rocks, like those in New Zealand, held signs of being churned by giant submarine landslides, and those landslides tend to occur in the wake of earthquakes caused by two tectonic plates colliding and one thrusting atop the other. This process, called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/ancient-zircon-plate-tectonics-subduction-earth\">subduction<\/a>, can be so forceful that it causes megathrust earthquakes, such as the magnitude 9.1 earthquake in Indonesia in 2004 and the magnitude 9.0 temblor in Japan in 2011 (SN: 5\/2\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study offers \u201csome of the earliest evidence for giant subduction megathrust earthquakes,\u201d Kusky says. It\u2019s the fieldwork that makes the argument convincing, he notes. With fieldwork, assumptions about earthquakes and plate tectonics aren\u2019t based on idealized models, but the rock record, which contains solid, verifiable evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Richard Palin, a geologist at the University of Oxford, isn\u2019t entirely convinced. The initiation of plate tectonics, which today operates across the entire planet, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/stop-and-go-plate-tectonics\">is not a clean-cut story<\/a>, he says (<em>SN: 4\/9\/22<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSome scientists may believe that subduction initiated everywhere all at once, hence the onset of plate tectonics is a bit like flipping a switch,\u201d he says. \u201cThis seems very unlikely to me.\u201d Palin suspects that subduction began in different places on Earth at different times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists studying rocks in South Africa report evidence for the earliest known earthquake triggered by plate tectonics.\u00a0The temblor struck more than 3 billion years ago. The rocks preserve telltale signs of ancient submarine landslides that tend to occur in response to giant earthquakes set off by some collisions of slabs of the planet\u2019s crust, geologists [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13213,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/031822_lj_oldest-earthquake_inline-mobile.png?fit=680%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[3641,5043,7605,18677,18678,14559],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13212"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13214,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13212\/revisions\/13214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}