{"id":14095,"date":"2024-03-31T01:13:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-31T01:13:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/31\/in-move-to-protect-whales-polynesian-indigenous-groups-give-them-personhood\/"},"modified":"2024-03-31T01:13:27","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T01:13:27","slug":"in-move-to-protect-whales-polynesian-indigenous-groups-give-them-personhood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/31\/in-move-to-protect-whales-polynesian-indigenous-groups-give-them-personhood\/","title":{"rendered":"In Move to Protect Whales, Polynesian Indigenous Groups Give Them \u2018Personhood\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/03\/28\/multimedia\/28xp-whales-jlkv\/28xp-whales-jlkv-facebookJumbo.jpg?resize=1050,550&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"In Move to Protect Whales, Polynesian Indigenous Groups Give Them \u2018Personhood\u2019\" title=\"In Move to Protect Whales, Polynesian Indigenous Groups Give Them \u2018Personhood\u2019\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">For many Indigenous groups across Polynesia, whales hold an ancient sacredness and spirit that connects all life. Whales \u2014 or tohor\u0101, as M\u0101ori call them \u2014 guided their ancestors across the Pacific Ocean. Today, those groups consider themselves to be guardians for the largest animals under the sea.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But as of Wednesday, whales are not simply animals in this region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Indigenous leaders of New Zealand, Tahiti and the Cook Islands signed a historic treaty that recognizes whales as legal persons in a move conservationists believe will apply pressure to national governments to offer greater protections for the large mammals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s fitting that the traditional guardians are initiating this,\u201d said Mere Takoko, a M\u0101ori conservationist who leads <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.conservation.org\/aotearoa\/hinemoana-halo\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Hinemoana Halo Ocean Initiative<\/a>, the group that spearheaded the treaty. \u201cFor us, by restoring those world populations we also restore our communities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Conservationists have good reason to believe they will succeed: In 2017, New Zealand passed a groundbreaking law that <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/religion-sacred-rivers-new-zealand-86d34a78f5fc662ccd554dd7f578d217\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">granted personhood status to the Whanganui River<\/a> because of its importance to M\u0101ori, New Zealand\u2019s Indigenous people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The treaty, or He Whakaputanga Moana, which translates to \u201cdeclaration for the ocean,\u201d was signed on Rarotonga, the largest of the Cook Islands, in a ceremony attended by T\u016bheitia Potatau te Wherowhero VII, the M\u0101ori king, and 15 paramount chiefs of Tahiti and the Cook Islands.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In a statement, the M\u0101ori king said that as \u201cthe songs of our ancestor\u201d grow fainter, the treaty \u201cis not merely words on paper.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s a Hinemoana Halo,\u201d he said, \u201ca woven cloak of protection for our taonga, our treasures \u2014 the magnificent whales.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The significance of whales to M\u0101ori and other Indigenous groups is twofold, said Ms. Takoko, who <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/atmos.earth\/a-descendants-call-for-whale-legal-personhood\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">wrote about the initiative<\/a> in the climate and culture magazine Atmos. First, they believe they can trace their ancestry directly back to whales, and second, whales were key to developing the M\u0101ori system of navigation as people followed whale migrations from island to island.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWithout the whale, we actually would have never found all of these various islands of the Pacific,\u201d Ms. Takoko said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A number of types of whales are found in the Pacific Ocean, including blue, gray, minke, sperm, southern right and, of particular importance to M\u0101ori, humpback. And while there is some protection for the mammals within the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary, where the International Whaling Commission has banned all types of commercial whaling, there is no formal legislation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Takoko said the treaty would allow her team to start talks with governments in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Tahiti, Tonga and other Polynesian countries to develop a legal framework to enforce protections around whales.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">While climate change is considered a significant threat to whales, encounters with large vessels can be fatal. About 10,000 whales are killed every year because of ship strikes, said Carlos Duarte, a marine ecologist and the lead scientist for the effort. Entanglement with fishing gear is also an issue, he said. The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary offers some protection, but whales will be whales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe problem with whale conservation is that the whales do not know all the boundaries,\u201d he said. \u201cThey move freely around the ocean.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">New technology can help track their wanderings, Mr. Duarte said, including remote sensors and acoustics that can help conservationists and vessels locate whales underwater.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Legislation would be built around several pillars: monitoring, penalties for killing whales and even whale insurance. A $100 million fund would back the initiative.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWhen you recognize a whale as a legal person \u2014 that doesn\u2019t mean they\u2019re human \u2014 they\u2019re a legal person, meaning you can endow them with certain rights,\u201d said Ralph Chami, the project\u2019s head economist. \u201cAnd with that comes a responsibility that if you hurt or bring harm to a whale, then there are remedies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Mr. Chami has estimated that if one were to track a whale over its lifetime and factor in the unwanted carbon that it removes from the atmosphere, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2019\/12\/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">one whale would be worth about $2 million<\/a>. And if a vessel \u2014 shipping, fishing or otherwise \u2014 were to hit one, there would be fines and premium adjustments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">To mitigate costs, Mr. Chami said, insurance companies would require ships to have monitoring or anti-collision devices to help reduce the probability of hitting a whale.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Now, Ms. Takoko and her team will try to persuade world leaders to follow suit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She said the document would allow her team to start talks with governments. She has already begun conversations with officials in Tahiti, Tonga and the Cook Islands, and said the M\u0101ori king had addressed some members of New Zealand\u2019s Parliament. Legal experts from the United States and Europe are also joining the effort, she said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For many Indigenous groups across Polynesia, whales hold an ancient sacredness and spirit that connects all life. Whales \u2014 or tohor\u0101, as M\u0101ori call them \u2014 guided their ancestors across the Pacific Ocean. Today, those groups consider themselves to be guardians for the largest animals under the sea. But as of Wednesday, whales are not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/03\/28\/multimedia\/28xp-whales-jlkv\/28xp-whales-jlkv-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2739,726,12173,59,19685,19684,713,2995],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14095"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14095"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14097,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14095\/revisions\/14097"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}