{"id":23200,"date":"2024-04-10T15:42:34","date_gmt":"2024-04-10T15:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/10\/immune-cells-intense-reaction-to-the-coronavirus-may-lead-to-pneumonia\/"},"modified":"2024-04-10T15:42:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T15:42:34","slug":"immune-cells-intense-reaction-to-the-coronavirus-may-lead-to-pneumonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/10\/immune-cells-intense-reaction-to-the-coronavirus-may-lead-to-pneumonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Immune cells\u2019 intense reaction to the coronavirus may lead to pneumonia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/040924_ac_covid_lung_feat-scaled.jpg?fit=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Immune cells\u2019 intense reaction to the coronavirus may lead to pneumonia\" title=\"Immune cells\u2019 intense reaction to the coronavirus may lead to pneumonia\" \/><\/div> \r\n<br><br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>The intense reaction of one of the lungs\u2019 guardians against infection may help explain why COVID-19 can become severe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The guardians, immune cells called interstitial macrophages, patrol lung tissue. These cells <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20232192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can be infected in a big way by SARS-CoV-2<\/a>, researchers report online April 10 in the <em>Journal of Experimental Medicine<\/em>. Overwhelmed by the virus\u2019 onslaught, the cells\u2019 extreme inflammatory response may contribute to the development of pneumonia, a disease that damages the lungs and makes breathing difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow 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*{box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-payment-form-text > *{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-payment-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-payment-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-payment-form-input-inner-text{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:10px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[#zephr-payment-form-root > div {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n   \n}\n\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > button {\n    max-width: 50%;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n    border-radius: 1px;\n    background-color: #e04821;\n    color: white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > div.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{\n    color:white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > label > span {\n    color:white;\n}    \n.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz {\n    display: none;\n}\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere is this gap in our knowledge of how human lung tissue really responds in the earliest phases\u201d of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, says Jos\u00e9 Ordov\u00e1s\u2013Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, an immunologist at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, who was not involved in the research. The new work has \u201cput a spotlight\u201d on interstitial macrophages\u2019 role, he says. \u201cI think this is an interesting piece of the puzzle.\u201d<\/p><p>A bout of COVID-19 can begin after someone breathes in the coronavirus, which \u2014 launched by a sneeze or a cough \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/coronvirus-covid-airborne-public-health-agencies\">spreads through the air<\/a> (<em>SN: 12\/16\/21<\/em>). Evidence suggests the virus first infects cells that line the nasal cavity or the throat, and then the immune system response kicks in. From that point, many people clear the infection, says Catherine Blish, a viral immunologist at Stanford University School of Medicine. But some don\u2019t, and the virus can spread into the airways of the lungs and infect cells lining the air sacs, the structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blish and her colleagues wanted to investigate the next steps of a coronavirus infection in the lungs and what might drive the progression to pneumonia. The team worked with thin slices of human lung tissue, procured from organ donations or surgeries in which some of the tissue needed to be removed. The researchers exposed the tissue to SARS-CoV-2 to see which cells became infected. \u201cIt was really no contest,\u201d Blish says. The vast majority were macrophages, immune cells that take up viruses and other pathogens and \u201ceat\u201d them in order to present the parts to other immune cells. This helps activate the body\u2019s immune response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, there were two types of macrophages: Those that reside in the lung tissue, called interstitial, and those associated with the air sacs. The researchers took purified macrophages of each type and put them in a dish with SARS-CoV-2 for additional experiments to show that the cells were being infected, not just gobbling up virus. The team also probed the immune response of the two populations of macrophages. Those that reside in the lungs\u2019 air sacs weren\u2019t as dominated by the virus and produced a proportionate inflammatory response.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the coronavirus was able to take over the cellular machinery of the interstitial macrophages. The team found that in response, these macrophages ramped up their production of proteins that target viruses and call in other immune cells. The cells are \u201csending massive alarm signals \u2026 \u2018There\u2019s an invader, danger, danger\u2019,\u201d Blish says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the body, this kind of immune response can lead to a huge influx of cells and inflammatory proteins into the lungs\u2019 air space, Blish says. That can compromise the air sacs\u2019 ability to function and help set the stage for pneumonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blish and colleagues also found that SARS-CoV-2 enters the interstitial macrophages through a different receptor than the very well-known entry point for other cells, ACE2. This may help explain why treatments that target ACE2 haven\u2019t worked well for severe pneumonia, Blish says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Experiments with lung slices can\u2019t exactly replicate what\u2019s going on in the body. The study doesn\u2019t answer how the virus would get into the lung tissue and gain access to the interstitial macrophages, Blish says. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a sensible model to put forward,\u201d Ordov\u00e1s\u2013Monta\u00f1\u00e9s says. But with the lung slices, \u201cyou give equal chance to any cell that was either on the outside part or on the inside part of the lung\u201d to become infected. It may be helpful to complement this research with studies in animal models in which the lungs\u2019 physiology is intact, he says, although those types of studies also don\u2019t exactly translate to what\u2019s happening in people. \u201cEach model is going to give you a slightly skewed view of reality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/immune-cells-coronavirus-pneumonia\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The intense reaction of one of the lungs\u2019 guardians against infection may help explain why COVID-19 can become severe. The guardians, immune cells called interstitial macrophages, patrol lung tissue. These cells can be infected in a big way by SARS-CoV-2, researchers report online April 10 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. Overwhelmed by the virus\u2019 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/040924_ac_covid_lung_feat-scaled.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[5587,5997,1974,10372,872,28528,2103],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23200"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23200"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23202,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23200\/revisions\/23202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}