{"id":2425,"date":"2024-03-17T17:19:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-17T17:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/17\/did-the-james-webb-telescope-break-the-universe-maybe-not\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T17:19:00","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T17:19:00","slug":"did-the-james-webb-telescope-break-the-universe-maybe-not","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/17\/did-the-james-webb-telescope-break-the-universe-maybe-not\/","title":{"rendered":"Did the James Webb telescope \u2018break the universe\u2019? Maybe not"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>Reports that NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope broke the universe may have been exaggerated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In its first images, JWST captured <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/james-webb-telescope-six-galaxies-old\">what appeared to be gargantuan galaxies in the early universe<\/a> \u2014 ones much too big to be explained by current cosmological theories (<em>SN: 2\/22\/23<\/em>). But a new analysis of old data from the Hubble Space Telescope suggests that those alleged behemoths <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.061002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">probably have more prosaic explanations<\/a> fitting in with our standard understanding of the universe, cosmologist Julian Mu\u00f1oz and colleagues report in the Feb. 9 <em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[.zephr-payment-form.svelte-13h66j{margin:20px auto;padding:20px;background-color:#fff;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.apple-pay-button{display:inline-block;-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button;-apple-pay-button-type:pay;width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}.apple-pay-button-black{-apple-pay-button-style:black}.zephr-payment-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-payment-form *{box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-payment-form-text > *{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-payment-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-payment-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-payment-form-input-inner-text{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:10px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-max-width.svelte-1wb171d{max-width:440px;margin:auto}.close-button-container.svelte-1wb171d{text-align:right;width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.close-button.svelte-1wb171d{cursor:pointer;display:inline;padding:7px}.spin.svelte-1cj2gr0{animation:svelte-1cj2gr0-spin 2s 0s infinite linear}.pulse.svelte-1cj2gr0{animation:svelte-1cj2gr0-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@keyframes svelte-1cj2gr0-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}#google-pay-button.svelte-y3o182{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}#braintree-dropin-container.svelte-z7jd27{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b{margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b iframe:focus{outline:none !important}#stripe-mobile-pay-button.svelte-1t95nqv{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}#zuora_payment.svelte-6vr22l{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}.spinner-container.svelte-6vr22l{text-align:center;padding:2em}.zuora-disabled-iframe-container.svelte-6vr22l .z_hppm_iframe{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.3}.zephr-payment-form-error-message-min-height.svelte-1a9oulo{min-height:1.1em}.zephr-payment-form-error-message.svelte-1a9oulo{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-size:12px;margin-top:0.5em;position:relative}#payment-element.svelte-1oygrrs{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n            var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}.zephr-payment-form-progress-bar.svelte-duj35f{width:100%;border:0;border-radius:20px;margin-top:10px}.zephr-payment-form-progress-bar.svelte-duj35f::-webkit-progress-bar{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-payment-form-progress-bar.svelte-duj35f::-webkit-progress-value{background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-payment-progress-bar-step.svelte-duj35f{margin:auto;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:12px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-progress-bar-step.svelte-duj35f:first-child{margin-left:0}.zephr-payment-progress-bar-step.svelte-duj35f:last-child{margin-right:0}.payment-options-container.svelte-88ms5s{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:12px;width:100%;color:#000;line-height:18px;padding:31px 0 20px;display:grid;justify-content:space-evenly;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));gap:13px}.zephr-payment-form-button-top-margin.svelte-1hlz8zp{margin-top:20px}.zephr-payment-form-button.svelte-1hlz8zp{padding:0 20px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:calc(var(--zephr-button-fontSize) * 1px);font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);transition:backdrop-filter 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-button.svelte-1hlz8zp:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-button.svelte-1hlz8zp:disabled{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-button.svelte-1hlz8zp:disabled:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-button.inputHeight.svelte-1hlz8zp{height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px)}.zephr-payment-form-button.svelte-1hlz8zp:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-payment-form-button.aside.svelte-1hlz8zp{width:auto;margin-left:10px}.zephr-payment-form-verification-resend-link-container.svelte-ujiytu{margin-bottom:2em}.zephr-payment-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-ujiytu{float:right;cursor:pointer;color:#6ba5e9;position:absolute;padding-right:2px;padding-top:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:12px;right:0}.check-image.svelte-1x04vgf{height:1.2em;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:0.5em}.zephr-payment-form-success-message.svelte-1x04vgf{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);display:inline-block}.zephr-payment-form-input-error-text.svelte-1h7bdvp{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-input-select.svelte-1h7bdvp{display:block;appearance:auto;width:100%;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);font-size:16px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:#fff;padding:10px}.zephr-payment-form-input-select.disabled.svelte-1h7bdvp{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-input-select.unselected.svelte-1h7bdvp{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-input-select.error.svelte-1h7bdvp{border-color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-payment-form-input-textarea.svelte-1h7bdvp{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;color:#222;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;padding:16px;width:100%}.zephr-payment-form-input-slider-output.svelte-1h7bdvp{margin:13px 0 0 10px}.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-payment-form-social-sign-in.svelte-84yxq5{align-items:center}.zephr-payment-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-84yxq5{height:55px;padding:0 15px;color:#000;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);border-radius:10px;font-size:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;margin-top:20px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-84yxq5:hover{background-color:#fafafa}.zephr-payment-form-social-sign-in-icon.svelte-84yxq5{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-right:30px;width:25px}.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-169ojh9{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-169ojh9{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-promo-input-container.svelte-wbf7ph{flex:0.4}.zephr-payment-form-promo-activate-line.svelte-wbf7ph{cursor:pointer;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px + 2em);margin-left:1.2em;line-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px + 2em);color:#6ba5e9}.zephr-payment-form-promo-line.svelte-wbf7ph{display:flex;padding-top:0.5em;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px + 2em);margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-payment-form-addon-line.svelte-wbf7ph{display:flex;padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-prorate-disclaimer.svelte-wbf7ph{padding-top:0.25em;padding-left:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-summary-charge-description.svelte-wbf7ph{color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-charge-line.svelte-wbf7ph{display:flex;padding-top:1em;margin-left:1.2em;padding-left:1em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-line-right.svelte-wbf7ph{margin-left:auto;margin-right:1.5em;text-align:right}.zephr-payment-form-summary-line-left.svelte-wbf7ph{margin-left:10px}.zephr-payment-form-summary-promo-middle.svelte-wbf7ph{position:relative;top:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 0.5px)}.zephr-payment-form-summary.svelte-wbf7ph{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;font-size:12px;margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-payment-form-summary-title.svelte-wbf7ph{margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-price-line.svelte-wbf7ph{font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-top:1em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-line.svelte-wbf7ph{display:flex}.zephr-payment-form-summary-price-line-upper.svelte-wbf7ph{border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;margin-top:1em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-line-title.svelte-wbf7ph{flex:0 0 65%;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-payment-form-summary-line-price.svelte-wbf7ph{flex:1;text-align:right;margin-right:1.5em}.zephr-payment-form-divider-container.svelte-g0vmr8{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:1.5em 0}.zephr-payment-form-divider-line.svelte-g0vmr8{height:1px;width:50%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-divider-text.svelte-g0vmr8{margin:0 12px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:14px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);white-space:nowrap}.zephr-payment-login-link.svelte-1k0atj2.svelte-1k0atj2{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center}.zephr-payment-login-link.svelte-1k0atj2>a.svelte-1k0atj2{color:#6ba5e9;margin-left:0.25em}.zephr-payment-form-account-code-container.svelte-14s04a7{margin-top:1.5em}.zephr-payment-form-invitation-container.svelte-7awmz{border:1px solid;margin:1.5em 0;padding:20px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-payment-form-invitation-title.svelte-7awmz{margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-invitation-email.svelte-7awmz{display:flex;align-items:center}.zephr-payment-form-invitation-input-container.svelte-7awmz{flex-grow:1}.zephr-payment-form-invitation-success-message.svelte-7awmz{margin-top:0.5em}.zephr-payment-form-input-inner-container.svelte-7srm4j{position:relative}.zephr-payment-form-input-full-width.svelte-7srm4j{width:100%}.zephr-payment-form-input.svelte-7srm4j{width:100%;display:block;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);padding-left:8px;font-size:16px;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:#fff;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-input.svelte-7srm4j::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-input-checkbox.svelte-7srm4j{width:auto;height:auto;margin:8px 5px 0 0;float:left}.zephr-payment-form-input-radio.svelte-7srm4j{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-payment-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-7srm4j{width:50px;padding:0;border-radius:50%}.zephr-payment-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-7srm4j::-webkit-color-swatch{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-payment-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-7srm4j::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-payment-form-input.disabled.svelte-7srm4j,.zephr-payment-form-input.disabled.svelte-7srm4j:hover{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-input.error.svelte-7srm4j{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz.svelte-1ozx4pz{margin-top:10px;display:block;line-height:30px;font-size:12px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz{display:block}.zephr-payment-form-checkbox.svelte-eq3e4e{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.svelte-eq3e4e{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:6px;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eq3e4e{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eq3e4e:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:6px;height:13px;border:solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:0 2px 2px 0;transform:rotate(45deg);top:3px;left:8px;box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.disabled.svelte-eq3e4e{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.disabled.checked.svelte-eq3e4e:after{border:solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-width:0 2px 2px 0}.zephr-payment-form-checkmark.error.svelte-eq3e4e{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-payment-form-input-radio.svelte-zun59o{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-payment-form-radio-label.svelte-zun59o{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-radio-dot.svelte-zun59o{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ebebeb;border-radius:50%;margin-right:12px}.checked.svelte-zun59o{border-color:#009fe3}.checked.svelte-zun59o:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:17px;height:17px;background:#009fe3;background:linear-gradient(#009fe3, #006cb5);border-radius:50%;top:2px;left:2px}.disabled.checked.svelte-zun59o:after{background:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.error.svelte-zun59o{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-link.svelte-64wplc{margin:10px 0;color:#6ba5e9;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-form-link-disabled.svelte-64wplc{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);cursor:none;text-decoration:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-n3rpbn>input[type=\"radio\"].svelte-n3rpbn{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0;text-align:center}.inner-box.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);background-color:#fff;height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-n3rpbn .inner-box.svelte-n3rpbn{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.box-container.svelte-n3rpbn .box-content.svelte-n3rpbn{flex-grow:1;padding:30px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden}.box-container.svelte-n3rpbn .styled-box-content.svelte-n3rpbn{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h1, \n  .box-container .styled-box-content h2, \n  .box-container .styled-box-content h3, \n  .box-container .styled-box-content p, \n  .box-container .styled-box-content span\n   {color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button{color:#fff;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:calc(var(--zephr-button-fontSize) * 1px)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.payment-options-container .box-container .box-content img{max-width:210px;height:auto}.box-top.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{height:40px}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-n3rpbn .box-top.svelte-n3rpbn{background-color:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);position:relative;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-bottom-width:0;border-top-left-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);border-top-right-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-n3rpbn .box-top .box-top-text.svelte-n3rpbn{font-weight:bold}.box-container.svelte-n3rpbn .box-bottom.svelte-n3rpbn{min-height:60px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:20px 0 30px;margin:0 30px}.button-sub-text.svelte-n3rpbn.svelte-n3rpbn{margin-top:10px}.zephr-payment-form-password-match.svelte-1ex4o7g.svelte-1ex4o7g{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-payment-form-password-match.svelte-1ex4o7g ul.svelte-1ex4o7g{padding-left:0px}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement.svelte-1ex4o7g.svelte-1ex4o7g{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:12px;height:20px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-1ex4o7g.svelte-1ex4o7g{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}.zephr-payment-form-password-progress.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{display:flex;margin-top:10px}.zephr-payment-form-password-bar.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{width:100%;height:4px;border-radius:2px}.zephr-payment-form-password-bar.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s:not(:first-child){margin-left:8px}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirements.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirements.svelte-byif2s ul.svelte-byif2s{padding-left:0px}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:12px;height:20px;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n      var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}.zephr-payment-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-byif2s.svelte-byif2s{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}.zephr-payment-form-google-icon.svelte-1fdq0ht{width:20px}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[#zephr-payment-form-root > div {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n   \n}\n\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > button {\n    max-width: 50%;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n    border-radius: 1px;\n    background-color: #e04821;\n    color: white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > div.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{\n    color:white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > label > span {\n    color:white;\n}    \n.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz {\n    display: none;\n}\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>\u201cJames Webb is giving us a new dictionary to translate the language of the early universe,\u201d says, Mu\u00f1oz, of the University of Texas at Austin. \u201cBefore we say, \u2018Hey, we need to throw away everything we knew in cosmology,\u2019 we should understand this language.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The trouble began almost as soon as JWST <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/james-webb-space-telescope-first-image-nasa\">first pointed its eyes at the distant universe<\/a> (<em>SN: 7\/11\/22<\/em>). Not only did some of its initial images contain enormous numbers of galaxies \u2014 far more than astronomers expected \u2014 but a good handful of those galaxies appeared to be monstrously massive, up to 100 times weightier than theories had predicted. These were dubbed \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/jwst-distant-galaxies-surprises-space\">universe breakers<\/a>,\u201d because they flew in the face of scientists\u2019 assumptions about cosmic evolution (<em>SN: 8\/20\/23<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem has to do with dark matter. Under the standard model of cosmology, dark matter collapsed into gargantuan clumps known as halos within the first few hundred million years of the universe. Ordinary matter was then gravitationally attracted to these halos, eventually forming stars and galaxies. The standard model also predicts the existence of far fewer dark matter halos than could account for JWST\u2019s census of big galaxies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, Mu\u00f1oz says, perhaps researchers simply need to be more careful when interpreting what they\u2019ve been seeing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He and his colleagues used existing data from Hubble to do a gut check on JWST\u2019s results. Though the older telescope can\u2019t see quite as far back in time as its successor, there is an era between roughly 450 million and 750 million years after the Big Bang where both instruments can capture light from galaxies, albeit in different wavelengths. JWST sees them in infrared, whereas Hubble can snag their ultraviolet light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf there were 10 times more dark matter structures [than expected], there would be 10 times more galaxies in James Webb, but there would also be 10 times more galaxies in Hubble,\u201d Mu\u00f1oz says. This is not what the Hubble data show.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers tallied how many the old telescope saw across a wide range of brightnesses. Then they calculated how different populations of dark matter halos would have altered that census, for example, leading to a surplus of bright galaxies in the Hubble data. Any change in the number of halos big enough to match JWST\u2019s observations, the team found, sharply contrasts with the Hubble data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While JWST is the more powerful telescope \u2014 and therefore capable of simply seeing more galaxies than Hubble in a given epoch \u2014 Hubble has been staring at the universe for much longer, Mu\u00f1oz notes. That means, he says, that, right now, Hubble\u2019s observations are a more representative sample of what\u2019s out there. For that reason, he and his colleagues suggest that researchers should turn to more conventional explanations for JWST\u2019s odd galaxies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It could be that environmental conditions in the early universe were different than in later epochs, allowing gas and dust to turn into stars much more efficiently than expected. Such high star formation rates could create the unusually bright objects JWST sees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Star formation <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/acf85a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">might have also been more episodic<\/a>, with large numbers of supernovas periodically going off. In that case, JWST might simply be capturing some galaxies at these moments of intense brightness, making them look weightier than they truly are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, it\u2019s possible that some of the light JWST sees in these early galaxies comes from the blazingly bright regions around gorging supermassive black holes rather than stars, meaning the primordial galaxies aren\u2019t quite as massive as presumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outside researchers are impressed by these findings. \u201cIt\u2019s very clever to look at the overlap region [between Hubble and JWST],\u201d says Priyamvada\u00a0Natarajan, a theoretical astrophysicist at Yale University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But others point out that the cosmos isn\u2019t entirely safe yet. JWST is currently making observations of the original handful of \u201cuniverse breakers\u201d that will pin down whether they actually existed in an era where they\u2019re too big to explain. \u201cIf even one \u2014 especially one of the really massive ones \u2014 is there, it is a problem,\u201d says Erica Nelson, an astrophysicist at the University of Colorado Boulder who was part of the team <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-023-05786-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that first identified the anomalous objects<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As astronomers become more familiar with JWST\u2019s views of the early universe, they will likely learn how to better understand what they\u2019re seeing, Mu\u00f1oz says. \u201cWe\u2019re doing this translation in a land where we don\u2019t speak the language,\u201d he says. \u201cBut you never know if your language skills are good enough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reports that NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope broke the universe may have been exaggerated. In its first images, JWST captured what appeared to be gargantuan galaxies in the early universe \u2014 ones much too big to be explained by current cosmological theories (SN: 2\/22\/23). But a new analysis of old data from the Hubble Space [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/021624_am_JWST_Hubble_galaxies_feat.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[4309,3594,4308,4310,2301],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2425"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2425"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2427,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2425\/revisions\/2427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}