{"id":254204,"date":"2025-03-07T19:19:09","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T19:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/07\/medical-ai-tools-are-growing-but-are-they-being-tested-properly\/"},"modified":"2025-03-07T19:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T19:19:09","slug":"medical-ai-tools-are-growing-but-are-they-being-tested-properly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/07\/medical-ai-tools-are-growing-but-are-they-being-tested-properly\/","title":{"rendered":"Medical AI tools are growing, but are they being tested properly?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/030325_ac_ai-health-apps_feat.jpg?fit=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Medical AI tools are growing, but are they being tested properly?\" title=\"Medical AI tools are growing, but are they being tested properly?\" \/><\/div> \r\n<br><br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>Artificial intelligence algorithms are being built into almost all aspects of health care. They\u2019re integrated into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/ai-breast-cancer-screening\">breast cancer screenings<\/a>, clinical note-taking, health insurance management and even phone and computer apps to create <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hippocraticai.com\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual nurses<\/a> and transcribe doctor-patient conversations. Companies say that these tools will <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/ai-health-care-medicine-tech\">make medicine more efficient<\/a> and reduce the burden on doctors and other health care workers. But some experts question whether the tools work as well as companies claim they do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AI tools such as large language models, or LLMs, which are trained on vast troves of text data to generate humanlike text, are only as good as their training and testing. But the publicly available assessments of LLM capabilities in the medical domain are based on evaluations that use medical student exams, such as the MCAT. In fact, a review of studies evaluating health care AI models, specifically LLMs, found that <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2825147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">only 5 percent used real patient data<\/a>. Moreover, most studies evaluated LLMs by asking questions about medical knowledge. Very few assessed LLMs\u2019 abilities to write prescriptions, summarize conversations or have conversations with patients \u2014 tasks LLMs would do in the real world.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow 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var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-maxWidth:630px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-padding:24px;--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding:16px 0px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-info-fontSize:var(--zf-info-fontSize)}.zephr-form.svelte-jjl1p8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[label {\n    display: none !important;\n}\n\n#coppa {\n    font-size: 10px;\n    font-weight: normal;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 10px;\n}\n\n#coppa>a {\n    color: white !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-button {\n    background-color: #d4441f !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n    font-weight: 900 !important;\n    letter-spacing: 0.075em;\n    font-size: 1.2em !important;\n    border: 2px solid black !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form {\n    border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n    background-image: url(\"https:\/\/preprod.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/astro.jpg\");\n    background-size: cover;\n    background-position: left top;\n    background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cta_background_webb-tarantula-neb.jpg\");\n    padding: 20px;\n    padding-top: 40px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form {\n    --zf-container-bgColor: none;\n    --zf-container-maxWidth: 900px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-input {\n    font-size: 1.5rem !important;\n    font-family: monospace !important;\n    filter: drop-shadow(black .1rem .1rem 5px);\n}\n\n.zephr-form-error-message {\n    background-color:white; \n    padding:5px; \n    font-weight:bold\n}\n\n.zephr-form-input::placeholder {\n    font-family: \"Courier New\" !important;\n    color: #999 !important;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/ai.nejm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1056\/AIe2401235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">current benchmarks are distracting<\/a>, computer scientist Deborah Raji and colleagues argue in the February <em>New England Journal of Medicine AI<\/em>. The tests can\u2019t measure actual clinical ability; they don\u2019t adequately account for the complexities of real-world cases that require nuanced decision-making. They also aren\u2019t flexible in what they measure and can\u2019t evaluate different types of clinical tasks. And because the tests are based on physicians\u2019 knowledge, they don\u2019t properly represent information from nurses or other medical staff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA lot of expectations and optimism people have for these systems were anchored to these medical exam test benchmarks,\u201d says Raji, who studies AI auditing and evaluation at the University of California, Berkeley. \u201cThat optimism is now translating into deployments, with people trying to integrate these systems into the real world and throw them out there on real patients.\u201d She and her colleagues argue that we need to develop evaluations of how LLMs perform when responding to complex and diverse clinical tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Science News<\/em> spoke with Raji about the current state of health care AI testing, concerns with it and solutions to create better evaluations. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em><\/strong><strong>: Why do current benchmark tests fall short?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raji:<\/strong> These benchmarks are not indicative of the types of applications people are aspiring to, so the whole field should not obsess about them in the way they do and to the degree they do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not a new problem or specific to health care. This is something that exists throughout machine learning, where we put together these benchmarks and we want it to represent general intelligence or general competence at this particular domain that we care about. But we just have to be really careful about the claims we make around these datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The further the representation of these systems is from the situations in which they are actually deployed, the more difficult it is for us to understand the failure modes these systems hold. These systems are far from perfect. Sometimes they fail on particular populations, and sometimes, because they misrepresent the tasks, they don\u2019t capture the complexity of the task in a way that reveals certain failures in deployment. This sort of benchmark bias issue, where we make the choice to deploy these systems based on information that doesn\u2019t represent the deployment situation, leads to a lot of hubris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em><\/strong><strong>: How do you create better evaluations for health care AI models?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raji: <\/strong>One strategy is interviewing domain experts in terms of what the actual practical workflow is and collecting naturalistic datasets of pilot interactions with the model to see the types or range of different queries that people put in and the different outputs. There\u2019s also this idea that [coauthor] Roxana Daneshjou has been doing in some of her work with \u201cred teaming,\u201d with actively gathering a group of people to adversarialy prompt the model. Those are all different approaches to getting at a more realistic set of prompts closer to how people actually interact with the systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another thing we are trying is getting information from actual hospitals as usage data \u2014 like how they are actually deploying it and workflows from them about how they are actually integrating the system \u2014 and anonymized patient information or anonymized inputs to these models that could then inform future benchmarking and evaluation practices.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-elements-27c40654034fbeecef6418d6adfe0794\" style=\"color:gray; margin-bottom:0px; font-size:.9rem;\">Sponsor Message<\/p>\n<!-- Tag ID: sciencenews-org_leaderboard_incontent -->\n\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>There are approaches that exist from other disciplines [like psychology] about how to ground your evaluations in observations of reality to be able to assess something. The same applies here \u2014 how much of our current evaluation ecosystem is grounded in the reality of what people are observing and what people are either appreciating or struggling with in terms of the actual deployment of these systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em><\/strong><strong>: How specialized should model benchmark testing be?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raji: <\/strong>The benchmark that is geared towards question answering and knowledge recall is very different from a benchmark to validate the model on summarizing doctors\u2019 notes or doing questioning and answering on uploaded data. That kind of nuance in terms of the task design is something that I\u2019m trying to get to. Not that every single person should have their own personalized benchmark, but that common task that we do share needs to be way more grounded than multiple-choice tests. Because even for real doctors, those multiple-choice questions are not indicative of their actual performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em><\/strong><strong>: What policies or frameworks need to be in place to create such evaluations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raji: <\/strong>This is mostly a call for researchers to invest in thinking through and constructing not just benchmarks but also evaluations, at large, that are more grounded in the reality of what our expectations are for these systems once they get deployed. Right now, evaluation is very much an afterthought. We just think that there\u2019s a lot more attention that could be paid towards the methodology of evaluation, the methodology of benchmark design and the methodology of just assessment in this space.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, we can ask for more transparency at the institutional level such as through AI inventories in hospitals, wherein hospitals should share the full list of different AI products that they make use of as part of their clinical practice. That\u2019s the kind of practice at the institutional level, at the hospital level, that would really help us understand what people are currently using AI systems for. If [hospitals and other institutions] published information about the workflows that they sort of integrate these AI systems into, that can also help us think of better evaluations. That kind of thing at the hospital level will be super helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the vendor level too, sharing information about what their current evaluation practice is \u2014 what their current benchmarks rely on \u2014 helps us figure out the gap between what they are currently doing and something that could be more realistic or more grounded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em><\/strong><strong>: What is your advice for people working with these models?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raji: <\/strong>We should, as a field, be more thoughtful about the evaluations that we focus on or that we [overly base our performance on.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s really easy to pick the lowest hanging fruit \u2014 medical exams are just the most available medical tests out there. And even if they are completely unrepresentative of what people are hoping to do with these models at deployment, it\u2019s like an easy dataset to compile and put together and upload and download and run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I would challenge the field to be a lot more thoughtful and to pay more attention to really constructing valid representations of what we hope the models do and our expectations for these models once they are deployed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/ai-medical-tools-proper-testing\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial intelligence algorithms are being built into almost all aspects of health care. They\u2019re integrated into breast cancer screenings, clinical note-taking, health insurance management and even phone and computer apps to create virtual nurses and transcribe doctor-patient conversations. Companies say that these tools will make medicine more efficient and reduce the burden on doctors and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":254205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/030325_ac_ai-health-apps_feat.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[7265,1267,14696,34117,8621],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254204"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":254206,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254204\/revisions\/254206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/254205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}