{"id":259198,"date":"2025-03-14T18:03:24","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T18:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/14\/what-syrias-new-temporary-constitution-says\/"},"modified":"2025-03-14T18:03:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T18:03:24","slug":"what-syrias-new-temporary-constitution-says","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/14\/what-syrias-new-temporary-constitution-says\/","title":{"rendered":"What Syria\u2019s New Temporary Constitution Says"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/14\/multimedia\/14int-syria-constitution-01-bjcm\/14int-syria-constitution-01-bjcm-facebookJumbo.jpg?ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"What Syria\u2019s New Temporary Constitution Says\" title=\"What Syria\u2019s New Temporary Constitution Says\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Syria\u2019s new government has adopted a temporary constitution that concentrates much power in the hands of the interim president and retains Islamic law as the foundation of the legal system.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The interim president, Ahmed al-Shara, signed the constitutional declaration on Thursday following the dissolution in January of the previous constitution under the authoritarian president, Bashar al-Assad. Mr. al-Shara, who led the overthrow of Mr. al-Assad in December, had promised to form an inclusive government and he heralded this as the beginning of what he called \u201ca new history\u201d for the nation after decades of dictatorship and a long civil war.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The declaration guarantees \u201cfreedom of opinion, expression, information, publication and press.\u201d If upheld, this would be a dramatic departure from the draconian surveillance state under Mr. al-Assad. It also pledges to safeguard women\u2019s rights and the rights of all Syrians during a five-year transitional period, after which a permanent constitution will be adopted and elections for a president and parliament will be held.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">However, some among Syria\u2019s diverse mix of ethnic and religious groups remain skeptical of the new leader\u2019s sweeping promises to create an inclusive government because of his roots as the head of an Islamist extremist rebel group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-5a592c82\">The president&#8217;s powers<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The temporary constitution grants the president executive authority and the power to declare a state of emergency. The president will appoint one-third of the legislature, which will serve as an interim parliament for the transition period. The other two-thirds will be chosen by electoral commissions overseen by a committee appointed by the president.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The new constitution calls for judicial independence. But the president is solely responsible for appointing judges to Syria\u2019s new constitutional court, the body ostensibly intended to hold Mr. al-Shara accountable. The document does not grant power to any other body to approve his appointments but specifies only that judges must be impartial.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Abdul Hamid al-Awak, a member of the committee that drafted the new constitution, told a news conference on Thursday that the declaration ensured a separation of powers as opposed to the concentration of power over other branches of government in Mr. al-Assad\u2019s hands when he was in power.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But the sweeping authority that the new declaration keeps in the president\u2019s hands during the transitional period could unnerve those in Syria who are hoping for a sharp turn away from the more than five decades of dictatorship under Mr. al-Assad and his father before him.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The United Nations\u2019 special envoy for Syria, Guy Pedersen, said on Friday that he hoped the constitutional declaration \u201cwill move Syria toward restoring the rule of law and promoting an orderly inclusive transition.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-6090d015\">Islamic law will remain legal foundation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The temporary constitution has retained a provision that stipulates Syria\u2019s president must be a Muslim, as did the old constitution. And like its precursor, the new constitution gives central importance to Islamic law. The new document says it will be the main source of legislation, while ensuring that \u201cfreedom of belief is guaranteed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">However, all rights, including freedom of religion, may be curtailed if they are deemed to infringe on national security or public order, among other things, the constitution says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Syria\u2019s new government is led by Sunni Muslim former rebels who fought Mr. al-Assad during the country\u2019s civil war. Since sweeping to power in Damascus, skeptics have questioned Mr. al-Shara\u2019s <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/25\/world\/middleeast\/syria-president-ahmed-al-shara.html\" title=\"\">true beliefs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As a rebel leader, Mr. al-Shara commanded an Islamist armed group once allied with Al Qaeda. Some question whether he has truly abandoned his former hard-line jihadist views, even though his rebel group severed ties with Al Qaeda years before he took power.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-4fc86aea\">Pledges to safeguard minorities<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Syria is home to a diverse range of ethnic and religious groups, and the constitution promises to protect the rights of all Syrians and shield them from discrimination. But sectarian tensions linger, and they <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/09\/world\/middleeast\/syria-violence.html\" title=\"\">erupted viciously last week<\/a> when Assad loyalists ambushed government security forces, prompting a harsh crackdown that devolved into sectarian attacks on civilians, according to the United Nations and war monitoring groups.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The war monitoring group Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said nearly 1,500 civilians were killed in just a few days of violence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Those attacks appear to have been directed against the Alawite minority, an offshoot of Shiite Islam to which the Assad family belongs. The attacks were a reminder that Mr. al-Shara is still far from having secured control over all Syrian territory, and possibly even over all forces linked to the government.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The United States and European nations have been reluctant to lift Assad-era sanctions until Syria\u2019s new leaders demonstrate that they are committed to an inclusive political process and to protecting minority rights. The lifting of those sanctions remains a crucial step to resurrecting the country\u2019s battered economy \u2014 one of the most pressing challenges for Mr. al-Shara\u2019s government.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Even though the constitution pledges to protect minority rights, it has sparked concern among at least one major ethnic minority, the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Syrian Democratic Council, the political wing of the Kurdish-led forces that control northeastern Syria, said the new document \u201creproduced authoritarianism in a new form\u201d and criticized what it said were unchecked executive powers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It is unclear whether Kurdish dissatisfaction with the constitution will affect an <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/10\/world\/middleeast\/syria-kurds-agreement.html\" title=\"\">agreement reached this week<\/a> between the country\u2019s new government and the Kurdish-led forces backed by the United States to incorporate them into the government\u2019s civil and military institutions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-7\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-422e9bae\">Freedom, with some exceptions<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The pledge to guarantee freedom of opinion, expression, information, publication and press\u201d comes with some exceptions, including glorifying the Assad regime.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The constitutional declaration guarantees women\u2019s rights to education and work, adding that they will have full \u201csocial, economic and political rights.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Since his ascent to power, Mr. al-Shara has appeared keen to assuage domestic and international concerns over the role of women in the new Syria. In January, he delivered a speech using gender-sensitive language, rarely used by leaders in the region. He highlighted the role of women in the revolution, and the suffering they had experienced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/14\/world\/europe\/syria-constitution-new-government.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syria\u2019s new government has adopted a temporary constitution that concentrates much power in the hands of the interim president and retains Islamic law as the foundation of the legal system. The interim president, Ahmed al-Shara, signed the constitutional declaration on Thursday following the dissolution in January of the previous constitution under the authoritarian president, Bashar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":259199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/14\/multimedia\/14int-syria-constitution-01-bjcm\/14int-syria-constitution-01-bjcm-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[163200,163199,54582,164238,3414,174934,163203,178763,137132,137131,199986,19366,85109,11840],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259198"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259198"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":259200,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259198\/revisions\/259200"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/259199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}