{"id":271710,"date":"2025-04-01T21:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T21:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/01\/more-details-about-the-myanmar-earthquake-are-emerging\/"},"modified":"2025-04-01T21:19:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T21:19:20","slug":"more-details-about-the-myanmar-earthquake-are-emerging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/01\/more-details-about-the-myanmar-earthquake-are-emerging\/","title":{"rendered":"More details about the Myanmar earthquake are emerging"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>As rescue and recovery efforts continue to ramp-up in earthquake-ravaged Myanmar, new details about how the geologic setting amplified the disaster are beginning to emerge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The March 28 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/myanmar-earthquake-march-2025\">magnitude 7.7 earthquake that rocked through Southeast Asia<\/a> collapsed buildings, dams and bridges, and killed at least 2,700 people. The rupture occurred along several hundred kilometers of a roughly 1,400-kilometer-long fault known as the Sagaing Fault. The epicenter of the event was just 10 kilometers beneath Earth\u2019s surface and occurred near the Myanmar city of Mandalay.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n<style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[#newsletter-helper svg {\n    width: auto;\n    fill: #f1563e;\n}\n\n#newsletter-helper {\n    display: flex;\n    border-top: 1px solid gray;\n    padding-top: 10px;\n    padding-left: 20px;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    max-width: 900px; \n    margin: auto\n}\n\n.zephr-form-container {\n    border-bottom: 1px solid gray;\n    margin: 0px !important;\n}\n]]><\/style><div id=\"newsletter-helper\">\n  <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 122.88 78.607\" height=\"25\" viewbox=\"0 0 122.88 78.607\" width=\"30\"><path clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"m61.058 65.992 24.224-24.221 36.837 36.836h-48.446-25.23-48.443l36.836-36.836zm-59.657-65.992 59.656 59.654 59.657-59.654zm-1.401 69.673 31.625-31.628-31.625-31.625zm122.88 3.025-34.653-34.653 34.653-34.652z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\n  <h3 style=\"margin-left: 10px; margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:0px;\">Sign up for our newsletter<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 900px; margin: auto\">We summarize the week&#8217;s science breakthroughs every Thursday.<\/p>                        <style><![CDATA[.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2{width:100%;border:0;border-radius:20px;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-bar{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-value{background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2{margin:auto;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);cursor:pointer}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:first-child{margin-left:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:last-child{margin-right:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.disabled.svelte-d78fa2{cursor:default}\n.apple-pay-button{display:inline-block;-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button;-apple-pay-button-type:pay;width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}.apple-pay-button-black{-apple-pay-button-style:black}#google-pay-button.svelte-1acsmhs{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n.zephr-form-error-message-min-height.svelte-719cfr{min-height:1.1em}.zephr-form-error-message.svelte-719cfr{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);margin-top:0.5em;position:relative;margin-left:1.2em;margin-right:1.2em}\n#braintree-dropin-container.svelte-z7jd27{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}\n#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b{margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b iframe:focus{outline:none !important}\n#stripe-mobile-pay-button.svelte-1t95nqv{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n.svelte-fa-base{height:1em;overflow:visible;transform-origin:center;vertical-align:-0.125em}.svelte-fa-fw{text-align:center;width:1.25em}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-bvo74f{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-bvo74f{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.75em}.spin.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 2s 0s infinite linear}.pulse.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@keyframes svelte-bvo74f-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}\n.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc{display:inline-block;position:relative}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;top:0;margin:auto;text-align:center}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%, -50%)}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text span{display:inline-block}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-1sinijc{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-1sinijc{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.75em}\n.container.svelte-1x0c3df{display:inline-block;height:auto}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.75em}\n.spinner-container.svelte-1isq5k3{text-align:center;padding:2em}\n#zuora_payment.svelte-1a5rslt{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}.zuora-disabled-iframe-container.svelte-1a5rslt .z_hppm_iframe{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.3}.zuora-dynamic-form-disabled.svelte-1a5rslt{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.3}.spinner-overlay.svelte-1a5rslt{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.form-wrapper.svelte-1a5rslt{position:relative}\n.zephr-form-button-top-margin.svelte-1eqnyqe{margin-top:20px}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe{padding:0 20px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize);font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);transition:backdrop-filter 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:var(--zf-button-color);position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.inputHeight.svelte-1eqnyqe{height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.aside.svelte-1eqnyqe{width:auto;margin-left:10px}\n.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz>input[type=\"radio\"].svelte-wecxzz{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0;text-align:center}.inner-box.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-bgColor);height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .inner-box.svelte-wecxzz{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-content.svelte-wecxzz{flex-grow:1;padding:30px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .styled-box-content.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h1,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h2,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h3,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content p,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content span\n   {color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button{color:#fff;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.payment-options-container .box-container .box-content img{max-width:210px;height:auto}.box-top.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{height:40px}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor);position:relative;border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-bottom-width:0;border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top .box-top-text.svelte-wecxzz{font-weight:bold}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-bottom.svelte-wecxzz{min-height:60px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:20px 0 30px;margin:0 30px}.button-sub-text.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{margin-top:10px}\n.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:var(--zf-payment-options-fontSize);width:100%;color:var(--zf-payment-options-color);line-height:18px;padding:31px 0 20px;display:grid;justify-content:space-evenly;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));gap:13px}@media(max-width: 340px){.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr))}}\n.zephr-form-input-inner-container.svelte-127vcsp{position:relative}.zephr-form-input-full-width.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%;display:block;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);padding-left:8px;font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-checkbox.svelte-127vcsp{width:auto;height:auto;margin:8px 5px 0 0;float:left}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-127vcsp{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp{width:50px;padding:0;border-radius:50%}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp,.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp:hover{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input.error.svelte-127vcsp{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}\n.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4{margin-top:10px;display:block;line-height:30px;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4 span.svelte-vnzoa4{display:block}\n.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7 ul.svelte-11tz5c7{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n.zephr-form-password-progress.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{width:100%;height:4px;border-radius:2px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8:not(:first-child){margin-left:8px}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8 ul.svelte-1b6w0g8{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n#payment-element.svelte-1oygrrs{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n            var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}\n.check-image.svelte-12ljnq4{height:1.2em;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:0.5em}.zephr-form-success-message.svelte-12ljnq4{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);display:inline-block}\n.zephr-form-verification-resend-link-container.svelte-b6r3ph{margin-bottom:2em}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph,.zephr-form-verification-resend-text.svelte-b6r3ph{float:right;position:absolute;padding-right:2px;padding-top:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);right:0}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph{cursor:pointer;color:var(--zf-link-color)}\n.zephr-form-custom-text.svelte-12fdogm{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}\n.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:6px;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:6px;height:13px;border:solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:0 2px 2px 0;transform:rotate(45deg);top:3px;left:8px;box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{border:solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-width:0 2px 2px 0}.zephr-form-checkmark.error.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32:focus-visible+.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32>.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:block;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ebebeb;border-radius:50%;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:17px;height:17px;background:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-radius:50%;top:2px;left:2px}.disabled.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{background:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.error.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv:focus-visible+.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv>.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-error-text.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-select.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;appearance:auto;width:100%;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);padding:10px}.zephr-form-input-select.unselected.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input-select.error.svelte-1f2hwm0{border-color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);min-width:100%;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-weight:300;padding:16px 8px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);outline:0}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-slider-output.svelte-1f2hwm0{margin:13px 0 0 10px}\n.zephr-form-link.svelte-1mdtotm{margin:10px 0;color:var(--zf-link-color);text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-link-disabled.svelte-1mdtotm{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);cursor:not-allowed;text-decoration:none}.zephr-form-link-no-underline.svelte-1mdtotm{text-decoration:none}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-google-icon.svelte-155mfls{width:20px}\n.zephr-form-social-sign-in.svelte-18a7qws{align-items:center}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws{width:100%;min-height:55px;padding:15px;color:#000;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);border-radius:10px;font-size:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;margin-top:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws:hover{background-color:#fafafa}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-icon.svelte-18a7qws{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-right:30px;width:25px}\n.zephr-form-promo-input-container.svelte-19l6fte{flex:0.6}.zephr-form-promo-activate-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;cursor:pointer;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);line-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);color:var(--zf-link-color)}.zephr-form-promo-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em}.zephr-form-addon-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-prorate-disclaimer.svelte-19l6fte{padding-top:0.25em;padding-left:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-summary-charge-description.svelte-19l6fte{color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-charge-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;padding-top:1em;margin-left:1.2em;padding-left:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-right.svelte-19l6fte{margin-left:auto;margin-right:1.5em;text-align:right}.zephr-form-summary-line-left.svelte-19l6fte{margin-left:10px}.zephr-form-summary-promo-middle.svelte-19l6fte{position:relative;top:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 0.5px)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-19l6fte{border:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius);padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;color:var(--zf-payment-summary-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-summary-bgColor)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-19l6fte:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-summary-title.svelte-19l6fte{margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-price-line.svelte-19l6fte{font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex}.zephr-form-summary-price-line-upper.svelte-19l6fte{border-top:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);margin-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-title.svelte-19l6fte{flex:0 0 65%;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-line-price.svelte-19l6fte{flex:1;text-align:right;margin-right:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-divider-container.svelte-svq2r5{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:1.5em 0}.zephr-form-divider-line.svelte-svq2r5{height:1px;width:50%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-line-complete.svelte-svq2r5{height:1px;width:100%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-text.svelte-svq2r5{margin:0 12px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-info-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);white-space:nowrap}\n.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq.svelte-1bpa3mq{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center}.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq>a.svelte-1bpa3mq{color:var(--zf-link-color);margin-left:0.25em}\n.zephr-form-account-code-container.svelte-ctt9he{margin-top:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-invitation-container.svelte-yy7ok3{border:1px solid;margin:1.5em 0;padding:20px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-form-invitation-title.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-invitation-email.svelte-yy7ok3{display:flex;align-items:center}.zephr-form-invitation-input-container.svelte-yy7ok3{flex-grow:1}.zephr-form-invitation-success-message.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-top:0.5em}\n.subscription-option-product-label{margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0}.subscription-option-wrapper.svelte-1ecrab7{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%;max-width:400px}.subscription-option-wrapper.svelte-1ecrab7:only-child{max-width:325px}.subscription-option-box{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0}.info-row.svelte-1ecrab7{margin-top:7px;margin-bottom:7px}.info-label.svelte-1ecrab7{display:inline;margin-right:10px}.info.svelte-1ecrab7{display:inline}hr.svelte-1ecrab7{border-width:1px 0px 0px;margin:5px 5px;border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.inner-box.svelte-1ecrab7{border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-bgColor);height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;padding:20px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden}.change-disabled-label.svelte-1ecrab7{margin-top:15px}\n.subscription-options-container.svelte-1nzbr4y{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:var(--zf-payment-options-fontSize);width:100%;color:var(--zf-payment-options-color);line-height:18px;padding:31px 0 20px;display:grid;justify-content:space-evenly;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));gap:13px}@media(max-width: 340px){.subscription-options-container.svelte-1nzbr4y{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr))}}\n.subscription-list-item.svelte-1wg9q7{font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}hr.svelte-1wg9q7{border-width:1px 0px 0px;margin:20px 0px;border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.inactive.svelte-1wg9q7{text-decoration:line-through}h3.svelte-1wg9q7{margin:0 0 20px}.inner-box.svelte-1wg9q7{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;padding:30px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden;min-width:300px}\n.zephr-form-tablink.svelte-ky9lgg{display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;justify-content:space-between;text-decoration:none;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-weight:590;padding:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding);border-bottom:1px solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-tablink.svelte-ky9lgg:hover{text-decoration:underline}.zephr-form-tablink.svelte-ky9lgg:last-child{border-bottom:none\n  }\n.zephr-subscription-list-box-item.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp{font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);max-width:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-container-maxWidth);border-radius:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-container-borderRadius);border:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-container-border);padding:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-container-padding)}.zephr-inner-box.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.zephr-box-item-information.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp{font-size:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-info-fontSize);color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);margin-top:8px}.zephr-section.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp{padding:var(--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding);border-bottom:1px solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);gap:8px}.zephr-section.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp:first-child{padding-top:0;border-bottom:none\n  }.zephr-section.svelte-h57nmp.svelte-h57nmp:last-child{border-bottom:none\n  }.zephr-section.svelte-h57nmp span.svelte-h57nmp{font-weight:590}.zephr-section.svelte-h57nmp h2.svelte-h57nmp{margin:0}\n.subscriptions-list-container.svelte-2hm0a{margin-top:40px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:40px}\n.past-subscriptions-link-wrapper.svelte-1gacumx{margin:10px 0}\n.event-link-wrapper{margin-top:10px}.float-right.svelte-12vtv9v{float:right;margin-top:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * -1px + 5px)}\n.bold-label.svelte-121zkre label{font-weight:bold}.read-only-input.svelte-121zkre{border:none;background:none;color:#333;cursor:default;outline:none;flex-grow:1;margin-right:10px;margin-top:15px}.zephr-form-relative-container.svelte-121zkre{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.update-link{white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;font-size:0.75em}\n.bold-label.svelte-121zkre label{font-weight:bold}.read-only-input.svelte-121zkre{border:none;background:none;color:#333;cursor:default;outline:none;flex-grow:1;margin-right:10px;margin-top:15px}.zephr-form-relative-container.svelte-121zkre{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.update-link{white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;font-size:0.75em}\n.zephr-form-ro-attribute{display:flex;align-items:center;height:50px;justify-content:flex-start}.zephr-form-ro-attribute-label{margin-right:10px;&:after {\n      content: \": \";\n    }}\nhr.svelte-4jb3ht{border-width:1px 0px 0px;margin:20px 0px;border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.session-container.svelte-4jb3ht{padding:15px;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.device-title.svelte-4jb3ht{font-weight:bold;font-size:1.2em;margin-bottom:10px}.current-device.svelte-4jb3ht{color:#777;font-size:0.9em;margin-left:10px}.login-time.svelte-4jb3ht,.browser.svelte-4jb3ht,.country.svelte-4jb3ht{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:0.9em}\n.sign-out-all.svelte-1gdzu2p{color:#0073e6;cursor:pointer;font-size:1em;margin:20px 0;text-align:center}.sign-out-all.svelte-1gdzu2p:hover{text-decoration:underline}\n.table.svelte-15e6uru.svelte-15e6uru{display:grid;grid-template-columns:0.7fr 1.4fr 1fr 0.6fr}.table-head.svelte-15e6uru.svelte-15e6uru{display:contents}.table-row.svelte-15e6uru.svelte-15e6uru{display:contents}.table-head.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru{font-size:13px;padding:13px 10px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.table-row.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru{font-size:var(--zf-info-fontSize);height:60px;padding:0 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);display:flex;align-items:center}.table-head.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru:first-child,.table-row.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru:first-child{padding-left:0}.table-head.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru:last-child,.table-row.svelte-15e6uru>div.svelte-15e6uru:last-child{padding-right:0}.taxes.svelte-15e6uru.svelte-15e6uru{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);white-space:pre;font-size:small}\n.zephr-form-button-group.svelte-s116f2{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:12px;margin-top:20px}.zephr-form-back-button.svelte-s116f2{padding:0 20px;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:var(--zf-button-color);cursor:pointer}.zephr-form-continue-button.svelte-s116f2{padding:0 20px;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zf-button-color);color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);cursor:pointer}.zephr-form-back-button.svelte-s116f2:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.zephr-form-continue-button.svelte-s116f2:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);color:var(--zf-button-color)}.zephr-form-back-button.svelte-s116f2:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-continue-button.svelte-s116f2:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}\n.zephr-form-button.svelte-16hrghb{padding:0 20px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize);font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);transition:backdrop-filter 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:var(--zf-button-color);position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-16hrghb:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);color:var(--zf-button-color)}.zephr-form-button-top-margin.svelte-16hrghb{margin-top:20px}\n.zephr-form-max-width{max-width:var(--zf-container-maxWidth);margin:auto}.zephr-form-content.svelte-1v11ws7{padding:var(--zf-container-padding);background-color:var(--zf-container-bgColor);border:var(--zf-container-border);border-radius:var(--zf-container-borderRadius)}.zephr-payment-options-content.svelte-1v11ws7{background-color:transparent;border:none;border-radius:0}.close-button-container.svelte-1v11ws7{text-align:right;width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.close-button.svelte-1v11ws7{cursor:pointer;display:inline;padding:7px;min-width:32px;min-height:32px;border-radius:16px;margin:1px}\n.zephr-form{--zf-root-fontSize:16px;--zf-root-fontFamily:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);--zf-container-maxWidth:440px;--zf-container-padding:20px;--zf-container-margin:20px auto;--zf-container-border:none;--zf-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-container-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-container-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-info-fontSize:14px;--zf-subtext-fontSize:12px;--zf-link-color:#6ba5e9;--zf-input-fontSize:var(--zf-root-fontSize);--zf-input-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-button-fontSize:calc(var(--zephr-button-fontSize, 16) * 1px);--zf-button-color:#fff;--zf-password-valid-color:#7bcb7f;--zf-password-invalid-color:#c4c4c4;--zf-payment-options-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-options-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-bgColor:var(--zf-container-bgColor);--zf-payment-options-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-maxWidth:630px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-padding:24px;--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding:16px 0px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-info-fontSize:var(--zf-info-fontSize)}.zephr-form.svelte-jjl1p8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[.zephr-form-content {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-relative-container {\n    flex: 40%\n}\n\n.zephr-form-input {\n    border-radius: 0px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-button {\n    width: 130px !important;\n    margin-top: 0px !important;\n    background-color: #2b3136 !important;\n    text-transform: none !important;\n    font-weight: 900 !important;\n    letter-spacing: 0.075em;\n    font-size: 1.2em !important;\n    border-radius: 0px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text {\n    width: 100% !important;\n    margin-top: 3px !important;\n}\n\nlabel {\n    display: none !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-container {\n    max-height: 130px;\n    max-width: 900px;\n    margin: auto !important;\n    margin-bottom: 20px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form {\n    margin: 0px !important;\n    overflow-clip-margin: content-box;\n    --zf-container-bgColor: none;\n    --zf-container-maxWidth: 900px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form h3 {\n    font-size: 1.4rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: #2b3136;\n    margin-top: 0px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form p {\n    text-align: left;\n    margin: 0px;\n    color: #2b3136;\n    font-size: .7rem;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>The shallowness of the rupture meant that all of the waves of seismic energy it generated arrived at Earth\u2019s surface at nearly the same time, producing powerful, catastrophic shaking, says Susan Hough, a geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey\u2019s Earthquake Hazards Program in Pasadena, Calif. <em>Science News<\/em> talked with Hough about the quake and how a phenomenon known as liquefaction added to its damaging effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SN: What is liquefaction?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: We sometimes explain the amplification of [ground] shaking as a bowl of Jell-O. But if the sediments are sandy and wet enough, the material is shaking so hard it stops acting like a solid. It\u2019s more like quicksand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: How does ground shaking turn a pile of sediment into quicksand?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: When the sediment is loosely packed and lubricated with a lot of water, shaking can disrupt that packing, pushing the grains of sand closer together. As a result, the water pressure in the pore spaces between the grains goes up, and the soil\u2019s effective stress, or shear strength, goes down to almost zero. The pore water pressure is now bearing the load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And that can cause the ground to slump, along with any structures on top of it. The footings of buildings are undermined because the ground just isn\u2019t solid anymore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><p>\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"qmVYbjiNWds\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Liquefaction San Francisco, 1906 earthquake [educational]\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qmVYbjiNWds?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/p><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This cutaway animation shows how strong ground shaking from a 1906 earthquake in San Francisco caused liquefaction in the soils, in which the soil briefly behaves more liquid than solid, destabilizing buildings on the surface. \u00a0\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: So it\u2019s the combination of thick wet sediments with seismic activity that\u2019s dangerous?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: Yes. River deltas, which have a lot of thick sediments, and seismic activity combine badly. And many people tend to live in delta regions, because they\u2019re close to waterways, so that increases the potential danger. There are cities around the world that are in places that can be quite hazardous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: Including Mandalay?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: Right. The Irrawaddy River is the main river system that runs north to south [through Myanmar]. It\u2019s a huge drainage system, and there\u2019s a huge river delta there. They get monsoonal rains, they have issues with flooding, tropical storms. There\u2019s a lot of water coming down that river.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mandalay [in central Myanmar, closest to the origin of the quake] is in a central basin that\u2019s surrounded by mountains. There are a lot of people living in the basin and in proximity to the river. There are very fertile plains and it\u2019s a transportation artery. It\u2019s a setting that is ripe for liquefaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The city of Yangon [about 200 kilometers south of the fault break] wasn\u2019t badly impacted by this earthquake. But it\u2019s also sitting on the river delta, and that\u2019s a concern [for future quakes]. If you put a magnitude 7-plus earthquake closer to Yangon, that\u2019s a nightmare scenario. It\u2019s a much bigger population center, and it\u2019s sitting on a massive pile of sediments.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN:<\/em> Are there other recent examples where liquefaction greatly increased the damages? I\u2019m thinking of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/archive\/mexico-citys-earthquake-lessons-ruins\">the 1985 Mexico City quake<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: There are many. Some other examples are the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/earthquakes-map-hazard-risks\"> 1886 earthquake in Charleston<\/a>; the whole Atlantic coast has thick piles of sediments. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/new-takes-historic-quakes\">The 1811 to 1812 earthquakes in New Madrid<\/a>, [Missouri], in the central United States, which is sitting on Mississippi River valley sediments. And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/region-risk\">San Francisco in 1906<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: What more have we learned about the origins of the Myanmar quake in the last few days?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: The ground surveys are just getting started. The length of the rupture, of the fault break, has come into better view, thanks to remote sensing imagery of the region before and after. It was as much as 400 kilometers long, that\u2019s better constrained at this point. There\u2019s not a lot of local seismic data coming out of the country right now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-sciencenews-content-sidebar\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Falling into a slump<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3152857\">TarikVision\/iStock\/Getty Images Plus<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Strong ground shaking during an\u00a0<span class=\"c-mrkdwn__highlight\">earthquake<\/span>\u00a0can cause large deposits of saturated, loose soil to behave like a liquid rather than a solid, called liquefaction. At left, before the shaking, the grains are packed together in the soil, forming a firm scaffold and bearing the weight of the structures on the surface. At right, shaking increases the water pressure in the spaces between grains, causing them to slip and slide past one another, liquidlike, and destabilizing the overlying buildings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: Does Myanmar have a seismic network?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: It does. Back in 2012, when Myanmar was taking steps toward democratization, I was involved in a project in which the U.S. Geological Survey partnered with Myanmar\u2019s Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, which ran a seismic network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was pretty rudimentary as of 2012. Our top priority was to upgrade the seismic network, and that culminated with an upgraded network in 2016, with modern telecommunications and five core stations. One of the reasons seismology was limited is that telecommunications was very strongly controlled [by the government]; the stations could record the data but had to transmit it to a network hub. If you don\u2019t have internet, you end up using the cell phone network, which was just then rolling out and becoming accessible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We built the hub and the five core stations, and other groups began adding stations. Once you have the infrastructure it\u2019s easier to install. It was up to a dozen or so stations. But so far as I can tell, none of those have reported data from this most recent quake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two of the network stations [we installed] in Yangon have reported in, and those are the only two in the country [from which we have data on this quake so far]. There is a station in Mandalay and one in Naypyitaw, but we\u2019ve gotten no data from them yet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The stations could have been knocked offline by the quake. But they also could have been offline before the quake; we don\u2019t know, because we haven\u2019t been able to work there since 2019, following Myanmar\u2019s military coup. But the fact that we got data from two stations tells me that the network hub is still alive, and there could be data we haven\u2019t received yet. It\u2019s the kind of data that would be critical both for Myanmar and the world community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: Will anyone from the USGS go to Myanmar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: I don\u2019t expect the USGS would go over. There\u2019s quite a bit we can do, we have established partnerships and contacts, but it\u2019s probably going to be virtual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ve been in touch remotely and calculated the aftershock forecasts. I was able to get in touch with Myanmar\u2019s Department of Meteorology and Hydrology and make sure they had the aftershock forecast at least an hour before <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us7000pn9s\/executive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it was live [on the USGS website<\/a>] so they could communicate it. I\u2019ve also been in touch with a Myanmar team that\u2019s going to do a survey to assess humanitarian needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>SN<\/em>: What is the estimated aftershock risk from the Myanmar earthquake?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hough<\/strong>: It\u2019s still quite high, although the more time goes by, the more the odds drop. Aftershock sequences are front-loaded. Charles Richter [the U.S. seismologist who developed his namesake earthquake magnitude scale in 1935] said that when you get a lot of earthquakes, you get a lot of earthquakes. The odds are higher now than they were last Thursday, [the day before the earthquake].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently there\u2019s about an 80 percent chance of a greater than magnitude 5 aftershock over the next week, and a 17 percent chance of a quake greater than magnitude 6. There\u2019s a 2 percent chance of one greater than 7 \u2014 which is low, but if you think about it, it\u2019s 1 in 50. And there\u2019s particular concern for aftershocks at the southern end of the fault, because that\u2019s closer to Yangon.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/liquefaction-myanmar-earthquake\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As rescue and recovery efforts continue to ramp-up in earthquake-ravaged Myanmar, new details about how the geologic setting amplified the disaster are beginning to emerge. The March 28 magnitude 7.7 earthquake that rocked through Southeast Asia collapsed buildings, dams and bridges, and killed at least 2,700 people. The rupture occurred along several hundred kilometers of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":271711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/040125_cg_earthquake_inline.jpg?resize=680%2C345&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[2098,3641,12091,25244],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=271710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":271712,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271710\/revisions\/271712"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/271711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=271710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=271710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}