{"id":278034,"date":"2025-04-09T15:51:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T15:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/09\/new-computer-chips-do-math-with-light\/"},"modified":"2025-04-09T15:51:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T15:51:21","slug":"new-computer-chips-do-math-with-light","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/09\/new-computer-chips-do-math-with-light\/","title":{"rendered":"New computer chips do math with light"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/040825_kh_photonics-chip_inline.jpg?fit=680%2C670&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"New computer chips do math with light\" title=\"New computer chips do math with light\" \/><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a bright day for computing \u2014 literally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two tech companies have unveiled computer components that use laser light to process information. These futuristic processors could soon solve specific real-world problems faster and with lower energy requirements than conventional computers. The announcements, published separately April 9 in <em>Nature<\/em>, mark a major leap forward for this alternative approach to computing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lightelligence, based in Boston, and Lightmatter, in Mountain View, Calif., have shown that light-based, or photonic, components \u201ccan do things that we care about, and that they can do them better than electronic chips that we already have,\u201d says Anthony Rizzo, a photonics engineer at Dartmouth College who was not involved in either study.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n<style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[#newsletter-helper svg {\n    width: auto;\n    fill: 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breakthroughs every Thursday.<\/p>                        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var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-maxWidth:630px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-padding:24px;--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding:16px 0px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-info-fontSize:var(--zf-info-fontSize)}.zephr-form.svelte-jjl1p8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 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!important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form {\n    margin: 0px !important;\n    overflow-clip-margin: content-box;\n    --zf-container-bgColor: none;\n    --zf-container-maxWidth: 900px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form h3 {\n    font-size: 1.4rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: #2b3136;\n    margin-top: 0px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form p {\n    text-align: left;\n    margin: 0px;\n    color: #2b3136;\n    font-size: .7rem;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>Lasers already zap data across the world via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/clam-fiber-optics-symbiotic-algae\">fiber optic cables<\/a>, and photonics plays a role in moving data in advanced data centers. In March, for example, tech company NVIDIA, based in Santa Clara, Calif., announced <a href=\"https:\/\/nvidianews.nvidia.com\/news\/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new technology that uses light to communicate between devices<\/a>. But, Rizzo says, these light beams don\u2019t compute anything. Inside a conventional computer, incoming light signals are transformed into slower electronic 1s and 0s that move through tiny transistors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, light inside the Lightmatter and Lightelligence devices \u201cis actually doing math,\u201d Rizzo says. Specifically, both use light to perform matrix multiplication, a fundamental operation in most AI processing as well as other areas of computing. In both new devices, all other calculations occur in electronic components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The timing of these new developments is crucial. AI models <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/artificial-general-intelligence-ai-unclear\">are growing in size and complexity<\/a>, while the progress of traditional chips is slowing. Historically, the number of transistors that engineers could squeeze onto chips would roughly double every two years, a trend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/century\/computer-ai-algorithm-moore-law-ethics\">known as Moore\u2019s law<\/a>. Tinier transistors meant faster, cheaper computing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Moore\u2019s law has reached its limit, says Nick Harris, founder and CEO of Lightmatter. <a href=\"https:\/\/cap.csail.mit.edu\/death-moores-law-what-it-means-and-what-might-fill-gap-going-forward\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Other experts agree<\/a>. The physics of how electricity moves through transistors prevents them from shrinking much further. Computers based on regular electronic chips \u201care not going to be getting better,\u201d Harris says. Photonic computing offers a potential solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3153252\">Inside this device made by Lightmatter, which is about as wide as a computer keyboard, four photonic chips do math with light. Over 200,000 components manipulate 512 light beams to perform matrix multiplication with greater speed and efficiency than a typical electronic chip.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3153252\">Lightmatter<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Lightelligence device, named PACE, combines a photonic and electronic chip <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-025-08786-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to speed up computation for optimization problems<\/a>, which are crucial for industries such as finance, manufacturing and shipping. The Lightmatter device, on the other hand, is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-025-08854-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a more general-purpose processor that integrates four light-based and two electronic chips<\/a>. The team used this system to run mainstream AI technology, including large language models like those behind ChatGPT or Claude. They also ran a deep learning algorithm that practiced playing Atari games, including Pac-Man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s never been done\u201d using any sort of alternative computer processing technology, Harris says. Engineers had previously built <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snexplores.org\/article\/light-optical-computers-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experimental photonic processors<\/a> that could do math, but these never came close to matching a regular computer\u2019s performance on real-world computing problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One big problem with experimental photonic processors has been accuracy. Light signals can take on a vast range of values instead of representing just 1 and 0. If one of these values isn\u2019t transmitted correctly, a tiny mistake could compound into a big error in calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the optimization problems Lightelligence tested, some randomness can be a good thing. It helps the system explore solutions more efficiently, the company said in a statement. Lightmatter addresses this issue by stacking electronic chips atop its photonic ones to carefully control the incoming and outgoing data, thus reducing errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their new processor \u201cis not a lab prototype,\u201d Harris says. \u201cThis is a new type of computer. And it\u2019s here.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The photonic components for both devices can be manufactured using the same factories and processes that already produce electronic chips, Rizzo says. So the technology will scale easily. \u201cThese could be in real systems very soon,\u201d he says, adding that the technologies could show up in data centers within five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/computer-chips-math-light-photonic\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s a bright day for computing \u2014 literally. Two tech companies have unveiled computer components that use laser light to process information. These futuristic processors could soon solve specific real-world problems faster and with lower energy requirements than conventional computers. The announcements, published separately April 9 in Nature, mark a major leap forward for this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":278035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/040825_kh_photonics-chip_inline.jpg?fit=680%2C670&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[1129,1156,4095,38826],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278034"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=278034"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278036,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278034\/revisions\/278036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/278035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=278034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=278034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=278034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}