{"id":281844,"date":"2025-04-14T17:27:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T17:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/14\/spotting-climate-misinformation-with-ai-requires-expertly-trained-models\/"},"modified":"2025-04-14T17:27:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-14T17:27:55","slug":"spotting-climate-misinformation-with-ai-requires-expertly-trained-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/14\/spotting-climate-misinformation-with-ai-requires-expertly-trained-models\/","title":{"rendered":"Spotting climate misinformation with AI requires expertly trained models"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>Conversational AI chatbots are making climate misinformation sound more credible, making it harder to distinguish falsehoods from real science. In response, climate experts are using some of the same tools to detect fake information online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But when it comes to classifying false or misleading climate claims, general-purpose large language models, or LLMs\u00ad \u2014 such as Meta\u2019s Llama and OpenAI\u2019s GPT-4\u00ad \u2014 lag behind <a href=\"https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=s24NoYQxB7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">models specifically trained on expert-curated climate data<\/a>, scientists reported in March at the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Philadelphia. Climate groups wishing to use commonly available LLMs in chatbots and content moderation tools to check climate misinformation need to carefully consider the models they use and bring in relevant experts to guide the training process, the findings show.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n<style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[#newsletter-helper svg {\n    width: auto;\n    fill: #f1563e;\n}\n\n#newsletter-helper {\n    display: flex;\n    border-top: 1px solid gray;\n    padding-top: 10px;\n    padding-left: 20px;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    max-width: 900px; \n    margin: auto\n}\n\n.zephr-form-container {\n    border-bottom: 1px solid gray;\n 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var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-maxWidth:630px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-padding:24px;--zf-list-subscriptions-section-padding:16px 0px;--zf-list-subscriptions-container-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-list-subscriptions-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-list-subscriptions-info-fontSize:var(--zf-info-fontSize)}.zephr-form.svelte-jjl1p8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[.zephr-form-content {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-relative-container {\n    flex: 40%\n}\n\n.zephr-form-input {\n    border-radius: 0px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-button {\n    width: 130px !important;\n    margin-top: 0px !important;\n    background-color: #2b3136 !important;\n    text-transform: none !important;\n    font-weight: 900 !important;\n    letter-spacing: 0.075em;\n    font-size: 1.2em !important;\n    border-radius: 0px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text {\n    width: 100% !important;\n    margin-top: 3px !important;\n}\n\nlabel {\n    display: none !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-container {\n    max-height: 130px;\n    max-width: 900px;\n    margin: auto !important;\n    margin-bottom: 20px !important;\n}\n\n.zephr-form {\n    margin: 0px !important;\n    overflow-clip-margin: content-box;\n    --zf-container-bgColor: none;\n    --zf-container-maxWidth: 900px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form h3 {\n    font-size: 1.2rem;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    color: #f1563e;\n    margin-top: 0px;\n}\n\n.zephr-form p {\n    text-align: center;\n    margin: 0px;\n    color: #2b3136;\n    font-size: 1rem;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>Compared to other types of claims, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/climate-change-disinformation-denial-misinformation\">climate change misinformation<\/a> is often \u201ccloaked in false or misleading scientific information,\u201d which makes it more difficult for humans and machines to spot the intricacies of climate science, says Erik Nisbet, a communications expert at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To evaluate the models, Nisbet and his colleagues used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-01714-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a dataset called CARDS<\/a>, which contains approximately 28,900 paragraphs in English from 53 climate-skeptic websites and blogs. The paragraphs fall into five categories: \u201cglobal warming is not happening,\u201d \u201chuman greenhouse gases are not causing global warming,\u201d \u201cclimate impacts are not bad,\u201d \u201cclimate solutions won\u2019t work\u201d and \u201cclimate movement\/science is unreliable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers built a climate-specific LLM by retraining, or fine-tuning, OpenAI\u2019s GPT-3.5-turbo3 on about 26,000 paragraphs from the same dataset. Then, the team compared the performance of the fine-tuned, proprietary model against 16 general purpose LLMs and an openly available, small-scale language model (RoBERTa) trained on the CARDS dataset. These models classified the remaining 2,900 paragraphs of misleading claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nisbet\u2019s team assessed the models by scoring how well each classified the claims into the correct categories. The fine-tuned GPT model scored 0.84 out of 1.00 on the measure scale. The general purpose GPT-4o and GPT-4 models had lower scores of 0.75 and 0.74, comparable to the 0.77 score of the small RoBERTa model. This showed that including expert feedback during training improves classification performance. But the other nonproprietary models tested, such as those by Meta and Mistral, performed poorly, logging scores of up to only 0.28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an obvious outcome, says Hannah Metzler, a misinformation expert from Complexity Science Hub in Vienna. The researchers faced computational constraints when using the nonproprietary models and couldn\u2019t use more powerful ones. \u201cThis shows that if you don\u2019t have huge resources, which climate organizations won\u2019t have, of course there will be issues if you don\u2019t want to use the proprietary models,\u201d she says. \u201cIt shows there\u2019s a big need for governments to create open-source models and give us resources to use this.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers also tested the fine-tuned model and the CARDS-trained model on classifying false claims in 914 paragraphs about climate change published on Facebook and X by low-credibility websites. The fine-tuned GPT model\u2019s classifications showed high agreement with categories marked by two climate communication experts and outperformed the RoBERTa model. But, the GPT model struggled to categorize claims about the impact of climate change on animals and plants, probably due to a lack of sufficient examples in the training data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another issue is that generic models might not keep up with shifts in the information being shared. \u201cClimate misinformation constantly varies and adapts,\u201d Metzler says, \u201cand it\u2019s always gonna be difficult to run after that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/climate-misinformation-ai-experts\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conversational AI chatbots are making climate misinformation sound more credible, making it harder to distinguish falsehoods from real science. In response, climate experts are using some of the same tools to detect fake information online. But when it comes to classifying false or misleading climate claims, general-purpose large language models, or LLMs\u00ad \u2014 such as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":281845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/040325_a_ai-climate-misinformation_feat.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[486,218376,895,3908,17012,30343,18596],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281844"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=281844"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281846,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281844\/revisions\/281846"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/281845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=281844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=281844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=281844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}