{"id":28911,"date":"2024-04-17T17:50:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T17:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/17\/tiny-treadmills-show-how-fruit-flies-walk\/"},"modified":"2024-04-17T17:50:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T17:50:27","slug":"tiny-treadmills-show-how-fruit-flies-walk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/17\/tiny-treadmills-show-how-fruit-flies-walk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiny treadmills show how fruit flies walk"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>The runner on the treadmill wasn\u2019t your typical gym rat. For one thing, he kept sprinting to the front of the treadmill and riding it to the back. For another, he had six legs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The exerciser was a fruit fly \u2014 officially known as <em>Drosophila melanogaster<\/em>. For the first time, fruit flies can run forward on their own tiny treadmill surrounded by high-speed cameras. The results from those workouts, posted February 24 to bioRxiv.org, have already <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2024.02.23.581656v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revealed insights about how bodies move<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow 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*{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.apple-pay-button{display:inline-block;-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button;-apple-pay-button-type:pay;width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}.apple-pay-button-black{-apple-pay-button-style:black}.zephr-payment-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-payment-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-payment-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-payment-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zephr-typography-body-font),\n            var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[#zephr-payment-form-root > div {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n   \n}\n\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > button {\n    max-width: 50%;\n    margin-left: auto;\n    margin-right: auto;\n    border-radius: 1px;\n    background-color: #e04821;\n    color: white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > div.zephr-payment-form-custom-text.svelte-s692p7{\n    color:white;\n}\n#zephr-payment-form-root > div > label > span {\n    color:white;\n}    \n.zephr-payment-form-input-label.svelte-1ozx4pz span.svelte-1ozx4pz {\n    display: none;\n}\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eq3e4e {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis opens a great opportunity to examine how the central nervous system of the fly controls different aspects of walking,\u201d says Eugenia Chiappe, a systems neuroscientist at the Champalimaud Foundation in Lisbon, Portugal. And understanding how brains \u2014 of fruit flies, humans and other animals \u2014 pull this off is important, she says. \u201cOur interaction with the environment, other animals and fellow human beings \u2014 crucial for our survival \u2014 depends on the ability of the brain to monitor and control movement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Made of simple and easy-to-get belts, pulleys and motors, the length of the fruit fly treadmill was over four times the body length of a fruit fly, which for flies in the study averaged about 2 millimeters. For the experiments, the flies\u2019 wings were trimmed, preventing flight. A glass chamber, coated with slippery Rain-X to limit wall-walking, surrounded the treadmill. When the treadmill was on, the only floor available was moving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on where the flies\u2019 legs hit the treadmill, the researchers saw that flies moved as they normally do. Most of the time, the flies surged ahead, running quickly to the front of the treadmill and then standing as they rode it back to the end. When their abdomens nicked the back of the chamber, the startled flies would then sprint forward again. \u201cThey sprint and then stop, sprint and then stop,\u201d says neural engineer Brandon Pratt at the University of Washington in Seattle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The flies easily hit speeds of 50 millimeters, just under two inches, a second \u2014 the \u201cfastest speed ever reported\u201d for <em>Drosophila<\/em> moving on the ground, Pratt says. He\u2019s confident the flies can go even faster, though the researchers didn\u2019t systematically test this. What\u2019s more, some flies turned out to be marathon-level athletes, easily handling treadmill sessions pushing an hour and a half. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And, as the flies ran faster, their bodies moved higher, rising up on their tiptoes, or \u201ctippy-tarsi,\u201d as Pratt says. The flies could also move on treadmills modified to have two belts, forcing each side of their body to move at a different speed. This experiment showed that the flies\u2019 middle legs are the legs that compensate for this odd arrangement, adjusting their step distances to keep the fly moving straight ahead. This middle-leg change in stepping is akin to how a fly might handle a sudden gust of wind from one side, turning into the wind by changing their strides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><p>\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"Zgq9JkUrPLg\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Watch how a fruit fly handles a split-belt treadmill | Science News\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Zgq9JkUrPLg?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/p><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fruit flies walk normally on a treadmill that moves at a steady pace on both sides (left). Flies can also adjust to a treadmill that has two different speeds (right). Careful analyses of stepping patterns revealed that flies\u2019 middle legs helped keep the fly moving ahead.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>One thing the flies wouldn\u2019t do: Run backwards. \u201cThey like to run upriver,\u201d Pratt says.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The treadmill doesn\u2019t allow scientists to record neural activity while the fly is moving, which would be a valuable bit of data, Chiappe says. Other systems allow more detailed glimpses into the brain of a moving fly, such as spheres that tethered flies can perch on and roll while holding still in space. But those systems don\u2019t allow the fly to move as naturally. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to producing insights on movement, the treadmill experiments sparked some friendly competition, Pratt says. \u201cThere was a point where we were like, \u2018Can we find the most athletic fly?\u2019 We started going down a rabbit hole,\u201d he says. \u201cWe even did a side project where we did endurance training in flies. It got a little ridiculous.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/fruit-flies-walk-treadmills-behavior\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The runner on the treadmill wasn\u2019t your typical gym rat. For one thing, he kept sprinting to the front of the treadmill and riding it to the back. For another, he had six legs. The exerciser was a fruit fly \u2014 officially known as Drosophila melanogaster. For the first time, fruit flies can run forward [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/040524_ls_fly-treadmill_feat.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[806,30462,443,18917,33414,1006],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28911"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28913,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28911\/revisions\/28913"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}