{"id":38066,"date":"2024-04-29T09:57:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T09:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/29\/they-shoot-owls-in-california-dont-they\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T09:57:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T09:57:14","slug":"they-shoot-owls-in-california-dont-they","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/29\/they-shoot-owls-in-california-dont-they\/","title":{"rendered":"They Shoot Owls in California, Don\u2019t They?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/04\/30\/science\/29SCI-OWLS-spotted\/Ted-S--Warren-facebookJumbo.jpg?resize=1050,549&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"They Shoot Owls in California, Don\u2019t They?\" title=\"They Shoot Owls in California, Don\u2019t They?\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest, the northern spotted owl, a rare and fragile subspecies of spotted owl, is being muscled out of its limited habitat by the barred owl, its larger and more ornery northeastern cousin. The opportunistic barred owl has been moving in on spotted owl turf for more than half a century, competing with the locals for food and space, outnumbering, out-reproducing and inevitably chasing them out of their nesting spots. Barred owls have also emerged as a threat to the California spotted owl, a closely related subspecies in the Sierra Nevada and the mountains of coastal and Southern California.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Crammed into marginal territories and bedeviled by wildfires, northern spotted owl populations have declined by up to 80 percent over the last two decades. As few as 3,000 remain on federal lands, compared with 11,000 in 1993. In the wilds of British Columbia, the northern spotted owl has vanished; only one, a female, remains. If the trend continues, the northern spotted owl could become the first owl subspecies in the United States to go extinct.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In a last-ditch effort to rescue the northern spotted owl from oblivion and protect the California spotted owl population, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has proposed culling a staggering number of barred owls across a swath of 11 to 14 million acres in Washington, Oregon and Northern California, where barred owls \u2014 which the agency regards as invasive \u2014 are encroaching. The <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/project\/barred-owl-management\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">lethal management plan<\/a> calls for eradicating up to half a million barred owls over the next 30 years, or 30 percent of the population over that time frame. The owls would be dispatched using the cheapest and most efficient methods, from large-bore shotguns with night scopes to capture and euthanasia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Karla Bloem, the executive director of the International Owl Center in Minnesota, is conflicted over the prospect of killing one species to protect another. \u201cThe concept of shooting birds is awful \u2014 nobody wants that,\u201d she said. \u201cBut none of the alternatives have worked, and at this late date no other option is viable. Extinction is a forever thing.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Bob Sallinger, the executive director of Bird Conservation Oregon, agreed but emphasized that the culling must complement the restoration and preservation of the few remaining old-growth forests. \u201cThe science clearly shows that you must both protect and increase habitat and remove some level of barred owls if the northern spotted owl is to have a chance of survival,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The agency\u2019s plan, outlined last fall in a draft report assessing its environmental impact that is due for final review this summer, has pitted conservationists, who say it will benefit both species, against animal supporters, who consider the proposed scale, scope and timeline unsustainable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Last month, a coalition of 75 wildlife protection and animal welfare organizations <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/animalwellnessaction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Barred-Owl-letter-organizations-listed.pdf\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter<\/a> to Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland urging her to scrap what they called a \u201ccolossally reckless action\u201d that would necessitate a perpetual killing program to keep the number of barred owls in check. Wayne Pacelle, the president of Animal Wellness Action and an author of the statement, said it was dangerous for the government to start managing competition and social interaction among North American species, including ones that have expanded their range as a partial effect of \u201chuman perturbations\u201d of the environment. \u201cI cannot see how this succeeds politically, because of its price tag and its sweeping ambitions,\u201d he said in an email.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Mr. Pacelle questions whether barred owls, which are indigenous to North America, truly meet the criteria for an invasive species. \u201cThis \u2018invasive\u2019 language rings familiar to me in our current political debates,\u201d he said. \u201cDemonize the migrants, and the harsh policy options become much easier from a moral perspective.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The signatories argued that the current predicament warranted nonlethal control, and that the agency\u2019s approach would lead to the wrong owls being shot and to the death of thousands of eagles, hawks and other creatures from lead poisoning. \u201cImplementing a decades-long plan to unleash untold numbers of \u2018hunters\u2019 in sensitive forest ecosystems is a case of single-species myopia regarding wildlife control,\u201d the letter said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Rocky Gutierrez, a wildlife ecologist who has conducted research on spotted owls since 1980, described the letter as disingenuous. \u201cIt is apparent to me that the authors either did not understand the plan or they didn\u2019t read it carefully,\u201d he said. \u201cSecretary Haaland is likely not to be swayed by their arguments because they are often incorrect or based on nonscience.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Gutierrez noted that the government draft explicitly forbade lead and other toxic ammunition, and that the agency planned to enlist not hunters but highly trained specialists who would be required to take a course and pass a test.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cBecause the training and rigorous protocol minimize the chance for misidentification, there has yet to be a case of mistaken identity,\u201d Dr. Gutierrez said, referring to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2102859118\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">the results of a five-year field experiment<\/a> published in 2021. \u201cSeveral major peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this removal method.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Bloem, of the International Owl Center, added: \u201cSpotted owl research is some of the most rigorous science on earth because so much has been riding on it. This management plan is no exception.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-9ycfei eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-4238e9fb\">A spotted decline<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Fish and Wildlife Service has been trying to save the spotted owl for decades. The effort became a cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre in the 1980s as environmentalists saw it as a way to force the U.S. government to drastically reduce logging in northwestern federal forests. The birds depend on old growth woodland to survive, preferring towering trees such as Douglas firs that typically take 150 to 200 years to mature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Over the passionate objections of the timber industry, spotted owls were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990. As loggers mounted protests, dead owls were nailed to road signs and \u201cowl fricassee\u201d appeared facetiously on restaurant menus. Four years later, the Northwest Forest Plan established a new management framework for the 24 million acres of federal forest land in Washington, Oregon and California within the range of the northern spotted owl. Despite sharp logging cutbacks, the bird\u2019s population decline continued, especially in areas where barred owls were densest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Barred owls started making their way west in the early 1900s as European settlers transformed the Midwest landscape from prairie to patches of woodland. Aided perhaps by a warming trend in the boreal forests of eastern Canada and northern Minnesota, where barred owls are abundant, the birds spread across the Great Plains and, by 1943, were spied in British Columbia, the domain of the northern spotted owl.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWhen spotted owls were listed in 1990, it was known that barred owls could be a potential threat,\u201d said David Wiens, a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. \u201cBut we knew very little about barred owls then, and had no idea what their population trajectory would be in the Pacific Northwest.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At first sight, it\u2019s easy to mistake a spotted for a barred: Both have tuftless rounded heads, teddy bear eyes and bodies mottled brown and white. They can interbreed to produce chicks called sparred owls. But they differ in their habitat requirements. Up to four pairs of barred owls can occupy the three-to-12 square miles that one spotted couple needs, and barred owls aggressively defend their terrain. \u201cThe closer spotted owls live to barred owls, the less likely the spotted owls are to have offspring,\u201d Dr. Wiens said. Barred owls also produce four times as many young.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Spotted owls are extremely picky eaters: In California, they eat only flying squirrels and wood rats. \u201cBarred owls devour anything and everything,\u201d Ms. Bloem said, \u201cwhich is hard on Western screech owls, rare reptiles and amphibians, and has cascading effects on the ecosystem.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-9ycfei eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-145ef4b8\">\u2018No one wants them\u2019<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some animal activists have suggested that rather than shoot the barred owls, the Fish and Wildlife Service should try to stop them from reproducing. But Eric Forsman, a retired Forest Service biologist whose research informed the Northwest Forest Plan, countered that every other option had already been on the table. \u201cHalf-baked methods like sterilization and egg removal would be impossible at the scale needed to reduce numbers,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Another nonstarter is relocation, which would risk introducing new parasites and diseases from the West into the barred owls\u2019 historical range. \u201cIf people complain about the cost and feasibility of 15,000 birds removed per year, the price tag for translocation would probably send them into cardiac arrest,\u201d Dr. Gutierrez said. \u201cAnd besides being too time-consuming, where would you relocate the owls to? No one wants them.\u201d You could \u201clet nature take its course,\u201d he added, but that course would be extinction for the spotted owl.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Three years ago, researchers published the results of a pilot program that involved discreetly culling 2,485 barred owls in five study sites along the West Coast. The birds were lured with recordings of their calls, which cause spotted owls in the wild to retreat and remain silent to avoid detection.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Wiens, who helped run the experiment, said that over five years of culling barred owls halted declines in the spotted owl population; in areas without removal, spotted owl populations fell by about 12 percent annually.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Bloem offered a \u201csuccessful precedent\u201d for the government\u2019s owl scheme. In the 1970s, an effort by the Fish and Wildlife Service to trap brown-headed cowbirds in Michigan saved the Kirtland\u2019s warbler from extinction, though the warbler\u2019s population did not increase for almost 20 years after trapping began.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIf efforts are focused on the leading edge of the barred owl invasion in California and in the few remaining pockets in Washington and Oregon, continued annually or every few years, there is a reasonable chance for this to work,\u201d Ms. Bloem said. She added that the best hope was for the California spotted owl, which has not been so thoroughly infiltrated yet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Forsman is less sanguine. He feared that attempts to control barred owls were likely to fail, because the bird\u2019s range expansion was too extensive. To him, the proposed policy is a call for action based on the \u201cuntestable\u201d hypothesis that humans were responsible for the expansion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">If we were not responsible, would we still be making the same call for action? he wondered. \u201cOr even if we were, is there some point at which we simply admit that we have screwed things up so badly that there is no going back to the good old days?\u201d he said. \u201cI am torn apart by this dilemma, and I find it difficult to get mad at anyone on either side of the argument.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/04\/29\/science\/california-barred-spotted-owls.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest, the northern spotted owl, a rare and fragile subspecies of spotted owl, is being muscled out of its limited habitat by the barred owl, its larger and more ornery northeastern cousin. The opportunistic barred owl has been moving in on spotted owl turf for more than half [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/04\/30\/science\/29SCI-OWLS-spotted\/Ted-S--Warren-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[720,553,40679,3303],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38066"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38068,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38066\/revisions\/38068"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}