{"id":44703,"date":"2024-05-07T05:16:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T05:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/07\/it-took-decades-but-japans-working-women-are-making-progress\/"},"modified":"2024-05-07T05:16:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T05:16:00","slug":"it-took-decades-but-japans-working-women-are-making-progress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/07\/it-took-decades-but-japans-working-women-are-making-progress\/","title":{"rendered":"It Took Decades, but Japan\u2019s Working Women Are Making Progress"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/02\/multimedia\/00japan-women-promo\/00japan-women-promo-facebookJumbo.jpg?resize=1050,550&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"It Took Decades, but Japan\u2019s Working Women Are Making Progress\" title=\"It Took Decades, but Japan\u2019s Working Women Are Making Progress\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When the future empress of Japan entered the country\u2019s elite diplomatic corps in 1987, a year after a major equal employment law went into effect, she was one of only three female recruits. Known then as Masako Owada, she worked long hours and had a <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1993\/05\/30\/magazine\/the-career-and-the-kimono.html\" title=\"\">rising career<\/a> as a trade negotiator. But she lasted just under six years in the job, giving it up to marry Crown Prince \u2014 and now Emperor \u2014 Naruhito.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Much has changed for Japan\u2019s Foreign Ministry \u2014 and, in some ways, for Japanese women more broadly \u2014 in the ensuing three decades.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Since 2020, women have comprised nearly half of each entering class of diplomats, and many women continue their careers after they marry. These advances, in a country where women were predominantly hired only for clerical positions into the 1980s, show how the simple power of numbers can, however slowly, begin to remake workplace cultures and create a pipeline for leadership.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">For years, Japan has <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/13\/world\/asia\/japan-women-abe.html\" title=\"\">promoted women in the workplace<\/a> to aid its sputtering economy. Private-sector employers have taken some steps, like encouraging male employees to do more around the house, or setting limits on after-work outings that can complicate child care. But many women still struggle to balance their careers with domestic obligations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Foreign Ministry, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/16\/world\/asia\/japan-yoshihide-suga-cabinet.html\" title=\"\">led by a woman<\/a>, Yoko Kamikawa, exceeds both other government agencies and familiar corporate names like Mitsubishi, Panasonic and SoftBank in an important sign of progress: its placement of women in career-track, professional jobs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">With more women in the ministry\u2019s ranks, said Kotono Hara, a diplomat, \u201cthe way of working is drastically changing,\u201d with more flexible hours and the option to work remotely.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Hara was one of only six women who joined the ministry in 2005. Last year, she was the event manager for a <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/05\/17\/briefing\/g7-biden-pacific-japan-asia.html\" title=\"\">meeting of world leaders<\/a> that Japan hosted in Hiroshima.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the run-up to the Group of 7 summit, she worked in the office until 6:30 p.m. and then went home to feed and bathe her preschool-age child, before checking in with her team online later in the night. Earlier in her career, she assumed such a job was not the \u201ckind of position that would be done by a mommy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some of the progress for women at the Foreign Ministry has come as men from elite universities have turned instead to high-paying banking and consulting jobs, and educated women have come to see the public sector as appealing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Yet as women move up in the diplomatic corps, they \u2014 like their counterparts at other employers \u2014 must juggle long working hours on top of shouldering the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/02\/02\/world\/asia\/japan-working-mothers.html\" title=\"\">bulk of the duties on the home front<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ministry staff members often work until 9 or 10 at night, and sometimes much later. Those hours tend to fall more heavily on women, said Shiori Kusuda, 29, who joined the ministry seven years ago and departed earlier this year for a consulting job in Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Many of her male bosses at the Foreign Ministry, she said, went home to wives who took care of their meals and laundry, while her female colleagues completed domestic chores themselves. Men are encouraged to take paternity leave, but if they do, it is usually a matter of days or weeks.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some parts of the culture have changed, Ms. Kusuda said \u2014 male colleagues proactively served her beer at after-work drinking sessions, rather than expecting her to serve them. But for women \u201cwho need to do their laundry or cooking after they go home, one hour of overtime work matters a lot,\u201d Ms. Kusuda said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 2021, the latest year for which government statistics are available, married working women with children took on more than <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gender.go.jp\/about_danjo\/whitepaper\/r05\/zentai\/pdf\/r05_tokusyu.pdf\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">three-quarters of household chores<\/a>. That load is compounded by the fact that Japanese employees, on average, work nearly 22 hours of overtime a month, according to a survey last year by Doda, a job-hunting website.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In many professions, additional hours are much higher, a reality that prompted the government to recently <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/12\/23\/business\/japan-truck-drivers-overtime-shortage.html\" title=\"\">cap overtime at 45 hours a month<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Before the Equal Opportunity Employment Act went into effect in 1986, women were mostly hired for \u201c<a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/eastasiaforum.org\/2022\/06\/28\/japans-stubborn-gender-inequality-problem\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ochakumi<\/a>,\u201d or \u201ctea-serving,\u201d jobs. Employers rarely recruited women for positions that could lead to executive, managerial or sales jobs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Today, Japan is turning to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/03\/19\/business\/economy\/japan-labor-market-women-participation.html\" title=\"\">women<\/a> to cope with severe labor shortages. Still, while more than 80 percent of women ages 25 to 54 work, they account for just slightly more than a quarter of full-time, permanent employees. Only about one in eight managers are women, according to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/list\/dl\/71-r04\/02.pdf\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">government data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some executives say women simply choose to limit their careers. Japanese women are \u201cnot as ambitious compared to women in the global market,\u201d said Tetsu Yamaguchi, the director of global human resources for Fast Retailing, the clothing giant that owns Uniqlo. \u201cTheir priority is taking care of their child rather than developing their career.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Worldwide, 45 percent of the company\u2019s managers are women. In Japan, that proportion is just over a quarter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Experts say the onus is on employers to make it easier for women to combine professional success and motherhood. Career barriers for women could hurt the broader economy, and as the nation\u2019s <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/12\/24\/world\/asia\/japan-birthrate-shrink.html\" title=\"\">birthrate dwindles<\/a>, crushing expectations at work and at home can discourage ambitious women from having children.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At Sony, just one in nine of its managers in Japan are women. The company is taking small measures to support working mothers, such as offering courses for prospective fathers in which they are taught to change diapers and feed infants.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">During a recent class at the company\u2019s Tokyo headquarters, Satoko Sasaki, 35, who was seven months pregnant, watched her husband, Yudai, 29, a Sony software engineer, strap on a prosthetic belly simulating the physical sensations of pregnancy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Sasaki, who works as an administrator at another company in Tokyo, said she was moved that her husband\u2019s employer was trying to help men \u201cunderstand my situation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At her own company, she said, tearing up, \u201cI don\u2019t have much support\u201d from senior male colleagues.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Takayuki Kosaka, the course instructor, displayed a graph showing the time invested at home by a typical mother and father during the first 100 days of an infant\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe dad isn\u2019t doing anything!\u201d said Mr. Kosaka, pointing at a blue bar representing the father\u2019s time working from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. \u201cIf he\u2019s coming home at 11 p.m., doesn\u2019t that mean that he also went out drinking?\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After-work drinking parties with colleagues are all but obligatory at many Japanese companies, exacerbating the overwork culture. To curtail such commitments, Itochu, a conglomerate that owns the convenience store chain Family Mart among other businesses, mandates that all such parties end by 10 p.m. \u2014 still a time that makes child care difficult.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Rina Onishi, 24, who works at Itochu\u2019s Tokyo headquarters, said she attended such parties three times a week. That is progress, she said: In the past, there were many more.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Drinking nights come on top of long days. The company now allows staff members to start working as early as 5 a.m., a policy intended in part to support parents who want to leave earlier. But many employees still work overtime. Ms. Onishi arrives at the office by 7:30 a.m. and typically stays until after 6 p.m.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some women set limits on their work hours, even if it means forgoing promotions. Maiko Itagaki, 48, labored at a punishing pace as an advertising copywriter before landing in the hospital with a cerebral hemorrhage. After recovering, she married and gave birth to a son. But she was at the office when her mother called to tell her she had missed her son\u2019s first steps.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI thought, \u2018Why am I working?\u2019\u201d Ms. Itagaki said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She moved to a firm that conducts direct mail campaigns where she clocks in at 9 a.m. and out at 6 p.m. She declined a promotion to management. \u201cI thought I would end up sacrificing my private time,\u201d she said. \u201cIt felt like they just wanted me to do everything.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At the Foreign Ministry, Hikariko Ono, Japan\u2019s ambassador to Hungary, was the only woman out of 26 diplomats hired in 1988.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She postponed having a child out of fear that her bosses would think she did not take her career seriously. These days, she reminds younger female colleagues that if they want to have children, they are not alone.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cYou can rely on the day-care center or your parents or friends,\u201d she said. \u201cOr even your husband.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/05\/07\/world\/asia\/japan-working-women.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When the future empress of Japan entered the country\u2019s elite diplomatic corps in 1987, a year after a major equal employment law went into effect, she was one of only three female recruits. Known then as Masako Owada, she worked long hours and had a rising career as a trade negotiator. But she lasted just [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/02\/multimedia\/00japan-women-promo\/00japan-women-promo-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11529,2412,1844,847,3653,5864],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44703"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44703"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44705,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44703\/revisions\/44705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}