{"id":50345,"date":"2024-05-14T15:21:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T15:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/14\/summer-2023-was-the-northern-hemispheres-hottest-in-2000-years-study-finds\/"},"modified":"2024-05-14T15:21:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T15:21:35","slug":"summer-2023-was-the-northern-hemispheres-hottest-in-2000-years-study-finds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/14\/summer-2023-was-the-northern-hemispheres-hottest-in-2000-years-study-finds\/","title":{"rendered":"Summer 2023 Was the Northern Hemisphere\u2019s Hottest in 2,000 Years, Study Finds"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/14\/climate\/14CLI-hottest-2000\/14CLI-hottest-2000-facebookJumbo.jpg?resize=1050,549&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Summer 2023 Was the Northern Hemisphere\u2019s Hottest in 2,000 Years, Study Finds\" title=\"Summer 2023 Was the Northern Hemisphere\u2019s Hottest in 2,000 Years, Study Finds\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The summer of 2023 was exceptionally hot. Scientists have already established that it was <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2023\/10\/09\/world\/hottest-summer-global-map.html\" title=\"\">the warmest Northern Hemisphere summer<\/a> since around 1850, when people started systematically measuring and recording temperatures.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Now, researchers say it was the hottest in 2,000 years, according to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07512-y\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a new study published in the journal Nature<\/a> that compares 2023 with a longer temperature record across most of the Northern Hemisphere. The study goes back before the advent of thermometers and weather stations, to the year A.D. 1, using evidence from tree rings.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThat gives us the full picture of natural climate variability,\u201d said Jan Esper, a climatologist at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany and lead author of the paper.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels are responsible for most of the recent increases in Earth\u2019s temperature, but other factors \u2014 including <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/what-is-la-nina-el-nino.html\" title=\"\">El Ni\u00f1o<\/a>, an undersea volcanic eruption and a reduction in sulfur dioxide aerosol pollution from container ships \u2014 may have contributed to the extremity of the heat last year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The average temperature from June through August 2023 was 2.20 degrees Celsius warmer than the average summer temperature between the years 1 and 1890, according to the researchers\u2019 tree ring data.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">And last summer was 2.07 degrees Celsius warmer than the average summer temperature between 1850 and 1900, the years typically considered the base line for the period before human-caused climate change.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The new study suggests that Earth\u2019s natural temperature was cooler than this base line, which is frequently used by scientists and policymakers when discussing climate goals, such as limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial era.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThis period is really not well covered with instruments,\u201d Dr. Esper said, adding that \u201cthe tree rings can do really, really well. So we can use this as a substitute and even as a corrective.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Trees grow wider each year in a distinct pattern of light-colored rings in spring and early summer, and darker rings in late summer and fall. Each pair of rings represents one year, and differences between the rings offer scientists clues about changing environmental conditions. For example, trees tend to grow more and form wider rings during warm, wet years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This study compared temperatures in 2023 to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-23627-6\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a previously published reconstruction of temperatures<\/a> over the past 2,000 years. More than a dozen research groups collaborated to create this reconstruction, using data from about 10,000 trees across nine regions of the Northern Hemisphere between 30 and 90 degrees latitude, or everywhere above the tropics. Some data came from drilling very thin cores from living trees, but most came from dead trees and historical wood samples.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Covering longer stretches of time results in more volcanic eruptions being included in the data. Big eruptions, at least on land, can cool the Earth by spraying sulfur dioxide aerosols into the atmosphere. Over the past 2,000 years, about 20 or 30 such eruptions have taken place and brought down average temperatures, Dr. Esper said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">(The recent <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/09\/22\/climate\/tonga-volcano-climate.html\" title=\"\">Hunga Tonga<\/a> eruption, by contrast, happened under the ocean and sprayed enormous amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere. Water vapor is a powerful greenhouse gas.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Not everyone agrees that tree rings offer a more accurate picture of past temperatures than historical records do.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s still an active area of research,\u201d said Robert Rohde, the lead scientist at Berkeley Earth. Dr. Rohde wasn\u2019t directly involved in the new study, but his organization\u2019s data was used. \u201cThis is not the first paper to come out suggesting that there\u2019s a warm bias in the early instrumental period, by any means. But I don\u2019t think it\u2019s really resolved.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">To some extent, slight differences between the stories thermometers and tree rings tell us about Earth\u2019s past don\u2019t matter for the present, said Zeke Hausfather, another Berkeley Earth scientist.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s an academic question more than a practical question,\u201d he said. \u201cReassessing temperatures in the distant past really doesn\u2019t tell us that much about the effects of climate change today.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Last year, those effects included a heat dome that settled over much of Mexico and the southern United States for weeks on end. Japan had its hottest summer on record. Canada suffered its worst-ever wildfire season, and parts of Europe also battled a series of destructive wildfires. 2024 is <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/predictions\/long_range\/seasonal.php?lead=2&amp;utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosgenerate&amp;stream=top\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">expected to be another hot year<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/05\/14\/climate\/summer-2023-hottest-2000-years.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The summer of 2023 was exceptionally hot. Scientists have already established that it was the warmest Northern Hemisphere summer since around 1850, when people started systematically measuring and recording temperatures. Now, researchers say it was the hottest in 2,000 years, according to a new study published in the journal Nature that compares 2023 with a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/14\/climate\/14CLI-hottest-2000\/14CLI-hottest-2000-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2302,50478,27298,6235,250,8971,111],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50345"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50347,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50345\/revisions\/50347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}