{"id":54892,"date":"2024-05-20T20:43:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T20:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/20\/how-the-cockroach-took-over-the-world\/"},"modified":"2024-05-20T20:43:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T20:43:11","slug":"how-the-cockroach-took-over-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/20\/how-the-cockroach-took-over-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"How the Cockroach Took Over the World"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/20\/science\/20tb-cockroach\/20tb-cockroach-facebookJumbo.jpg?resize=1050,550&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"How the Cockroach Took Over the World\" title=\"How the Cockroach Took Over the World\" \/><\/div><p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">They come out of hiding at night and scuttle across the house in search of starchy crumbs on the floor, a sticky sugary stain on the counter and sometimes even a nibble of toothpaste or soap.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Cockroaches.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Yet out of the 4,500 species of cockroaches, the German cockroach is probably the primary source of your frustration. It has overpowered other cockroach species and is considered the world\u2019s most prevalent indoor pest. How exactly this wild insect became our personal problem \u2014 so well-adapted to living in places with humans it\u2019s barely found in nature \u2014 has eluded scientists for some time.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2401185121\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">new study<\/a> describes the scavenger\u2019s origin story, and reveals the genetic variations that make the insect \u201cdifferent from other cockroaches,\u201d said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rowland.harvard.edu\/directory\/qian-tang-ph-d\/?cp-dir-id=404\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Qian Tang<\/a>, an evolutionary biologist now at Harvard University and an author of the study, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u201cAnd then that helps us find a solution to control them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The German cockroach was given its name in the late 1700s in Central Europe. Scientists later concluded that the species, Blattella germanica, originated in northeastern Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But there is another species, the Asian cockroach, or Blattella asahinai<em class=\"css-2fg4z9 e1gzwzxm0\">, <\/em>that scientists saw as a good candidate for B. germanica\u2019s ancestor. It looks almost identical to the German cockroach, although it has distinctive traits, like an attraction to light, an ability to live outdoors and the power of flight. As technology advanced, genetic analyses made the case that B. germanica shared more with B. asahinai than just looks.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Tang was itching to get to the bottom of B. germanica\u2019s genealogical tree, so his team sourced DNA from 281 German cockroaches from 17 countries to study their genetic differences. Then they traced the pest\u2019s journey across the planet, from where it first evolved until it crawled into your kitchen.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This is a \u201clandmark study,\u201d said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/urban.ucr.edu\/news\/2019\/10\/04\/dr-chow-yang-lee-joins-uc-riverside\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Chow-Yang Lee<\/a>, an urban entomologist from the University of California, Riverside who has studied German cockroaches for 30 years but was not involved in this research.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The data confirmed that B. germanica evolved from the Asian cockroach, somewhere in India or Myanmar around 2,100 years ago as human settlements bloomed. Some Asian cockroaches lived near human settlements or plantations, and they probably switched to eating crops planted by humans, Dr. Tang speculates. Then, because human dwellings had similar food sources, they moved indoors and eventually became household pests.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThat\u2019s approximately when the Asian cockroach started to become the German cockroach,\u201d Dr. Tang said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The insects moved westward in two waves. They first hitched rides in soldiers\u2019 bread baskets to the Middle East 1,200 years ago \u2014 much earlier than previously thought, Dr. Tang said. They reached Europe, where they would get their name, only 270 years ago, probably aboard European colonial ships.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Global trade in the 19th and 20th centuries allowed the scavengers to infiltrate most of the world\u2019s nooks and crannies, and indoor plumbing and heating enticed them to stay.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt makes perfect sense,\u201d said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ento.vt.edu\/people\/Faculty0\/miller.html\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Dini Miller<\/a>, a professor of urban pest management at Virginia Tech who was not involved in the study. \u201cWe provided them with food, moisture and warmth. And they have just been with us basically ever since.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She works on cockroach management projects across the U.S. and often finds 700 cockroaches in traps left in infested buildings for one night. \u201cThey\u2019re pretty prolific,\u201d Dr. Miller said, and they\u2019ve evolved resistance to almost all of the pesticides they\u2019ve been exposed to in the past 60 years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">To understand what makes the German roach such a formidable invader of urban spaces, scientists must unravel the insect\u2019s ancient genetic history, said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/bornberglab.org\/people\/bornberg-bauer\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Erich Bornberg-Bauer<\/a>, a professor of molecular evolution and bioinformatics at the University of Muenster in Germany who was not involved in the study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThen you can reconstruct the path of adaptation,\u201d Dr. Bornberg-Bauer said, and see what genes have been lying dormant throughout history, waiting to come into action with each new challenge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6482461\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">His own research<\/a> found that the German cockroach has genes for many receptors for smell and a high number of proteins to help them resist toxic substances. Those are most likely the genes that make them so cunning at sensing new food sources and quickly developing resistance to insecticides.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThey have a very high number of genes, so they have a high, high potential for adaptation,\u201d Dr. Bornberg-Bauer said. \u201cTo rapidly evolve into anything further.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/05\/20\/science\/cockroach-evolution-cities.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>They come out of hiding at night and scuttle across the house in search of starchy crumbs on the floor, a sticky sugary stain on the counter and sometimes even a nibble of toothpaste or soap. Cockroaches. Yet out of the 4,500 species of cockroaches, the German cockroach is probably the primary source of your [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/05\/20\/science\/20tb-cockroach\/20tb-cockroach-facebookJumbo.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[54255,1052],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54892"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54892"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54894,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54892\/revisions\/54894"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}