{"id":68135,"date":"2024-06-07T18:54:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T18:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/06\/07\/geoscientists-found-the-most-dangerous-part-of-a-famous-west-coast-fault\/"},"modified":"2024-06-07T18:54:19","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T18:54:19","slug":"geoscientists-found-the-most-dangerous-part-of-a-famous-west-coast-fault","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/06\/07\/geoscientists-found-the-most-dangerous-part-of-a-famous-west-coast-fault\/","title":{"rendered":"Geoscientists found the most dangerous part of a famous West Coast fault"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>The most destructive Cascadian earthquakes are likely to slam offshore of Washington state and Vancouver Island, new data reveal. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Cascadia megathrust is a massive fault thought capable of generating devastating magnitude 9 earthquakes similar to the 2011 Tohoku temblor, but its structure has long eluded scientists. Now, data from the most comprehensive survey yet show that the fault is not a single, continuous fracture but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adl3198\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comprised of at least four segments<\/a>. The most dangerous appears to stretch from off the coast of southern Vancouver Island through Washington state, researchers report in the June 7 <em>Science Advances<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2{width:100%;border:0;border-radius:20px;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-bar{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-value{background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2{margin:auto;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);cursor:pointer}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:first-child{margin-left:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:last-child{margin-right:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.disabled.svelte-d78fa2{cursor:default}\n.zephr-form-button-top-margin.svelte-1eqnyqe{margin-top:20px}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe{padding:0 20px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize);font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);transition:backdrop-filter 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:var(--zf-button-color);position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.inputHeight.svelte-1eqnyqe{height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.aside.svelte-1eqnyqe{width:auto;margin-left:10px}\n.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz>input[type=\"radio\"].svelte-wecxzz{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0;text-align:center}.inner-box.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-bgColor);height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .inner-box.svelte-wecxzz{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-content.svelte-wecxzz{flex-grow:1;padding:30px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .styled-box-content.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h1,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h2,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h3,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content p,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content span\n   {color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button{color:#fff;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.payment-options-container .box-container .box-content img{max-width:210px;height:auto}.box-top.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{height:40px}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor);position:relative;border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-bottom-width:0;border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top .box-top-text.svelte-wecxzz{font-weight:bold}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-bottom.svelte-wecxzz{min-height:60px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:20px 0 30px;margin:0 30px}.button-sub-text.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{margin-top:10px}\n.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:var(--zf-payment-options-fontSize);width:100%;color:var(--zf-payment-options-color);line-height:18px;padding:31px 0 20px;display:grid;justify-content:space-evenly;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));gap:13px}@media(max-width: 340px){.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr))}}\n.zephr-form-error-message-min-height.svelte-719cfr{min-height:1.1em}.zephr-form-error-message.svelte-719cfr{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);margin-top:0.5em;position:relative;margin-left:1.2em;margin-right:1.2em}\n.zephr-form-input-inner-container.svelte-127vcsp{position:relative}.zephr-form-input-full-width.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%;display:block;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);padding-left:8px;font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-checkbox.svelte-127vcsp{width:auto;height:auto;margin:8px 5px 0 0;float:left}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-127vcsp{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp{width:50px;padding:0;border-radius:50%}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp,.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp:hover{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input.error.svelte-127vcsp{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}\n.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4{margin-top:10px;display:block;line-height:30px;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4 span.svelte-vnzoa4{display:block}\n.svelte-fa-base{height:1em;overflow:visible;transform-origin:center;vertical-align:-0.125em}.svelte-fa-fw{text-align:center;width:1.25em}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-bvo74f{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-bvo74f{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.75em}.spin.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 2s 0s infinite linear}.pulse.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@keyframes svelte-bvo74f-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}\n.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc{display:inline-block;position:relative}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;top:0;margin:auto;text-align:center}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%, -50%)}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text span{display:inline-block}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-1sinijc{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-1sinijc{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.75em}\n.container.svelte-1x0c3df{display:inline-block;height:auto}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.75em}\n.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7 ul.svelte-11tz5c7{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n.zephr-form-password-progress.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{width:100%;height:4px;border-radius:2px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8:not(:first-child){margin-left:8px}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8 ul.svelte-1b6w0g8{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n.apple-pay-button{display:inline-block;-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button;-apple-pay-button-type:pay;width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}.apple-pay-button-black{-apple-pay-button-style:black}#google-pay-button.svelte-1acsmhs{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n#braintree-dropin-container.svelte-z7jd27{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}\n#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b{margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b iframe:focus{outline:none !important}\n#stripe-mobile-pay-button.svelte-1t95nqv{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n#zuora_payment.svelte-6vr22l{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}.spinner-container.svelte-6vr22l{text-align:center;padding:2em}.zuora-disabled-iframe-container.svelte-6vr22l .z_hppm_iframe{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.3}\n#payment-element.svelte-1oygrrs{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n            var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}\n.check-image.svelte-12ljnq4{height:1.2em;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:0.5em}.zephr-form-success-message.svelte-12ljnq4{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);display:inline-block}\n.zephr-form-verification-resend-link-container.svelte-b6r3ph{margin-bottom:2em}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph,.zephr-form-verification-resend-text.svelte-b6r3ph{float:right;position:absolute;padding-right:2px;padding-top:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);right:0}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph{cursor:pointer;color:var(--zf-link-color)}\n.zephr-form-custom-text.svelte-12fdogm{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}\n.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:6px;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:6px;height:13px;border:solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:0 2px 2px 0;transform:rotate(45deg);top:3px;left:8px;box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{border:solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-width:0 2px 2px 0}.zephr-form-checkmark.error.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32:focus-visible+.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32>.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:block;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ebebeb;border-radius:50%;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:17px;height:17px;background:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-radius:50%;top:2px;left:2px}.disabled.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{background:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.error.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv:focus-visible+.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv>.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-error-text.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-select.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;appearance:auto;width:100%;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);padding:10px}.zephr-form-input-select.unselected.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input-select.error.svelte-1f2hwm0{border-color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);min-width:100%;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-weight:300;padding:16px 8px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);outline:0}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-slider-output.svelte-1f2hwm0{margin:13px 0 0 10px}\n.zephr-form-link.svelte-12a6t5j{margin:10px 0;color:var(--zf-link-color);text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-link-disabled.svelte-12a6t5j{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);cursor:none;text-decoration:none}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-google-icon.svelte-155mfls{width:20px}\n.zephr-form-social-sign-in.svelte-18a7qws{align-items:center}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws{width:100%;min-height:55px;padding:15px;color:#000;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);border-radius:10px;font-size:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;margin-top:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws:hover{background-color:#fafafa}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-icon.svelte-18a7qws{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-right:30px;width:25px}\n.zephr-form-promo-input-container.svelte-u2fzg{flex:0.4}.zephr-form-promo-activate-line.svelte-u2fzg{display:flex;cursor:pointer;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);line-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);color:var(--zf-link-color)}.zephr-form-promo-line.svelte-u2fzg{display:flex;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em}.zephr-form-addon-line.svelte-u2fzg{display:flex;padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-prorate-disclaimer.svelte-u2fzg{padding-top:0.25em;padding-left:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-summary-charge-description.svelte-u2fzg{color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-charge-line.svelte-u2fzg{display:flex;padding-top:1em;margin-left:1.2em;padding-left:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-right.svelte-u2fzg{margin-left:auto;margin-right:1.5em;text-align:right}.zephr-form-summary-line-left.svelte-u2fzg{margin-left:10px}.zephr-form-summary-promo-middle.svelte-u2fzg{position:relative;top:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 0.5px)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-u2fzg{border:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius);padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;color:var(--zf-payment-summary-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-summary-bgColor)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-u2fzg:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-summary-title.svelte-u2fzg{margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-price-line.svelte-u2fzg{font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line.svelte-u2fzg{display:flex}.zephr-form-summary-price-line-upper.svelte-u2fzg{border-top:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);margin-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-title.svelte-u2fzg{flex:0 0 65%;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-line-price.svelte-u2fzg{flex:1;text-align:right;margin-right:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-divider-container.svelte-1ni5n6w{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:1.5em 0}.zephr-form-divider-line.svelte-1ni5n6w{height:1px;width:50%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-line-complete.svelte-1ni5n6w{height:1px;width:100%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-text.svelte-1ni5n6w{margin:0 12px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:14px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);white-space:nowrap}\n.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq.svelte-1bpa3mq{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center}.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq>a.svelte-1bpa3mq{color:var(--zf-link-color);margin-left:0.25em}\n.zephr-form-account-code-container.svelte-ctt9he{margin-top:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-invitation-container.svelte-yy7ok3{border:1px solid;margin:1.5em 0;padding:20px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-form-invitation-title.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-invitation-email.svelte-yy7ok3{display:flex;align-items:center}.zephr-form-invitation-input-container.svelte-yy7ok3{flex-grow:1}.zephr-form-invitation-success-message.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-top:0.5em}\n.zephr-form-content.svelte-1g2h5zh{padding:var(--zf-container-padding);background-color:var(--zf-container-bgColor);border:var(--zf-container-border);border-radius:var(--zf-container-borderRadius)}.zephr-payment-options-content.svelte-1g2h5zh{background-color:transparent;border:none;border-radius:0}.zephr-form-max-width.svelte-1g2h5zh{max-width:var(--zf-container-maxWidth);margin:auto}.close-button-container.svelte-1g2h5zh{text-align:right;width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.close-button.svelte-1g2h5zh{cursor:pointer;display:inline;padding:7px;min-width:32px;min-height:32px;border-radius:16px;margin:1px}\n.zephr-form{--zf-root-fontSize:16px;--zf-root-fontFamily:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);--zf-container-maxWidth:440px;--zf-container-padding:20px;--zf-container-margin:20px auto;--zf-container-border:none;--zf-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-container-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-container-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-subtext-fontSize:12px;--zf-link-color:#6ba5e9;--zf-input-fontSize:var(--zf-root-fontSize);--zf-input-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-button-fontSize:calc(var(--zephr-button-fontSize, 16) * 1px);--zf-button-color:#fff;--zf-password-valid-color:#7bcb7f;--zf-password-invalid-color:#c4c4c4;--zf-payment-options-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-options-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-bgColor:var(--zf-container-bgColor);--zf-payment-options-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px)}.zephr-form.svelte-1ta1qs8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[.zephr-form-max-width.zephr-payment-form-max-width {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text > p {\n    display: none;\n}\n\nform.zephr-form-content {\n    opacity: .9;\n}\n\nlabel.zephr-form-checkbox-label {\n    font-size: 1.2rem;\n    font-weight: bolder;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text > h4 {\n    color: black !important;\n}\n\nbutton.zephr-form-button {\n    background: #d4441f !important;\n    font-weight: bold !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n}\n\nlabel.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label {\n    color: white;\n    font-size: 1.6rem;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-content {\n    background:#2f537f;\n    \n}\n\n.zephr-payment-form-custom-text {\n    margin-top: .2rem;\n}\n\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Cascadia megathrust is a huge risk to people living in the Pacific Northwest,\u201d says seismologist Edwin Nissen of the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the study. While the portion of the fault extending from near the island\u2019s southwest coastline may be the most likely to host the largest earthquakes, he says, segments farther south along Oregon\u2019s coast may be more likely to experience slightly smaller and more frequent temblors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Megathrust faults occur where two tectonic plates converge, especially in places where one plate pushes under the other, which is called a subduction zone. The plates typically get stuck and periodically slip, releasing immense amounts of earthshaking energy. Such settings have generated the largest temblors in history, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/deep-heat-may-have-spawned-one-worlds-deadliest-tsunamis\">2004 Sumatra quake<\/a> (<em>SN: 5\/25\/17<\/em>). \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Off the west coast of North America, the Cascadia megathrust follows the shoreline roughly 1000 kilometers from British Columbia to northern California. It is where the northeast-bound Juan de Fuca plate slides under the North American plate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the last 10,000 years, 19 quakes greater than magnitude 9 have rocked Cascadia. The most recent, a magnitude 9 that struck in 1700, dropped coastal forests into the tidal zone and fomented tsunami waves that reached Japan. The imminent threat of the next Cascadian quake has inspired a slew of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/07\/20\/the-really-big-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">articles<\/a>, books, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnifilm.com\/production\/shockwave\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">documentaries<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And yet, compared with the megathrusts offshore Japan and New Zealand, the Cascadia fault is poorly understood. \u201cMost subduction zones have lots of small earthquakes occurring all the time, which give us a lot of information about the geometry of the faults,\u201d Nissen says. Meanwhile, \u201cCascadia is eerily quiet in terms of seismicity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3140292\">A set of air guns (shown) were towed behind the Marcus G. Langseth research vessel and used to generate sound waves that exposed the Cascadia megathrust\u2019s structure. <\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3140292\">Madelaine Lucas<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2021, marine geophysicist Suzanne Carbotte of Columbia University and colleagues aboard the <em>Marcus G. Langseth<\/em> research vessel conducted a seismic survey along a 900-kilometer stretch of the zone, towing underwater air guns that blasted sound waves into the seafloor. Faults and layers of rocks underground reflected these waves back upwards, where they were detected by a 15-kilometer-long array of receivers pulled behind the craft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s the first time that a regional survey that spans almost the whole subduction zone has been conducted,\u201d Carbotte says. \u201cPrior to this, people had looked at individual, small regions, like on the order of 200 kilometers at most.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline1.jpg?resize=680%2C453&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"From the back of a boat, cables extend out into the sea.\" class=\"wp-image-3140291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline1.jpg?w=680&amp;ssl=1 680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline1.jpg?resize=575%2C383&amp;ssl=1 575w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline1.jpg?resize=675%2C450&amp;ssl=1 675w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline1.jpg?resize=279%2C186&amp;ssl=1 279w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3140291\">Researchers towed a 15-kilometer-long array of seismic instruments (shown) behind the Marcus G. Langseth research vessel to measure the reflections of sound waves to survey the Cascadia megathrust.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3140291\">Madelaine Lucas<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The data revealed that as the Juan de Fuca plate grinds under the North American plate, it splits into segments, like a sheet of plywood passing through a row of buzzsaws. This segmentation appears to be largely driven by the irregular distribution of rigid rocks in the overlying North American plate, which unevenly warp the incoming plate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat segmentation is really important because that\u2019s one way to stop an earthquake,\u201d Nissen says. During a quake, a fault will start to slip at a single underground point, or hypocenter. The motion will then spread along the fault. Large faults provide more room for temblors to propagate, giving rise to bigger and longer-lasting quakes. But if a fault is segmented, the breaks may prevent motion on one segment from continuing onto another, limiting how large a quake can get.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image  has-alignleft\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"1399\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=680%2C1399&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cascadia fault with segments marked by black lines\" class=\"wp-image-3140310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?w=680&amp;ssl=1 680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=186%2C383&amp;ssl=1 186w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=219%2C450&amp;ssl=1 219w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=90%2C186&amp;ssl=1 90w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=282%2C580&amp;ssl=1 282w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline3.jpg?resize=377%2C776&amp;ssl=1 377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3140310\">The Cascadia megathrust is comprised of at least four segments, the most dangerous of which appears to sit off the coast of Washington State and south Vancouver Island. In this region, the eastward-moving Juan de Fuca plate slides under the North American plate at a relatively shallow angle. The megathrust\u2019s depth is shown here, with the shallowest depths indicated by yellow and orange, moderate depths in green and the deepest sections in blue and purple. Black lines mark the edges of the fault segments, and the wavy red line demarcates the edge of a rigid underground rock layer that may be warping the megathrust and contributing to its segmentation.   <\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3140310\">Modified from Carbotte et al\/Science Advances, 2024<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Nonetheless, it\u2019s still possible for some quakes to spread across several \u2014 or all \u2014 of the segments, Nissen says. \u201cThere\u2019s evidence that 1700 was such an earthquake.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The data also showed that the segment that extends from southern Vancouver Island is relatively smooth, making it easier for quakes to grow, and it appears to descend beneath the North American plate at a very slight angle, Nissen says, only about 2 to 4 degrees. The largest earthquakes generally occur on shallow dipping faults within subduction zones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf it\u2019s shallow and really gently dipping, that means that the earthquake could potentially propagate much further to the east, and therefore to the coastline \u2014 and people living in Victoria, Seattle, Vancouver \u2014 than was previously thought,\u201d Nissen says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study provides \u201ca lot of information that can be used in assessing and forecasting earthquakes,\u201d says Mark Petersen, a geophysicist of the U.S. Geological Survey in Golden, Colo. and chief of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/earthquakes-map-hazard-risks\">National Seismic Hazard Model Project<\/a>, who was not involved in the research (<em>SN: 2\/6\/24<\/em>). Knowing the details of the fault\u2019s geometry is crucial for gauging how close future quakes may get to major cities like Seattle, he says. The next update to the agency\u2019s hazard model for the Pacific Northwest will be made in 2029.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The survey also revealed small faults close to the coast, which could potentially slip and generate tsunami waves. Waves spawned by a megathrust earthquake farther offshore would take minutes to reach the coast, Nissen says, but if these nearshore faults slipped too, the resulting tsunami could hit the beach much sooner.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/geoscientist-dangerous-west-coast-fault\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The most destructive Cascadian earthquakes are likely to slam offshore of Washington state and Vancouver Island, new data reveal. \u00a0 The Cascadia megathrust is a massive fault thought capable of generating devastating magnitude 9 earthquakes similar to the 2011 Tohoku temblor, but its structure has long eluded scientists. Now, data from the most comprehensive survey [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":68136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/060724_no_cascadia-fault_inline2.jpg?resize=680%2C453&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[22155,14636,19217,25520,63906,3651,6501],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68137,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68135\/revisions\/68137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}