{"id":86844,"date":"2024-07-03T13:53:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T13:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/07\/03\/4-questions-about-the-uranium-needed-for-next-generation-nuclear-reactors\/"},"modified":"2024-07-03T13:53:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T13:53:33","slug":"4-questions-about-the-uranium-needed-for-next-generation-nuclear-reactors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/2024\/07\/03\/4-questions-about-the-uranium-needed-for-next-generation-nuclear-reactors\/","title":{"rendered":"4 questions about the uranium needed for next-generation nuclear reactors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div> \r\n<br><div data-component=\"video-embed\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n<p>Nuclear power of the future is going to need fuel. That has governments, energy companies and nuclear engineers clamoring to get their hands on HALEU: high-assay low-enriched uranium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HALEU (pronounced like \u201cHey, Lou\u201d) was previously a niche material, used mainly in nuclear reactors conducting scientific research. But now, multiple companies in the United States have proposed newfangled types of nuclear reactors that they claim will generate electric power more efficiently and safely. Such reactors, many of which will run on HALEU, are a key part of the United States government\u2019s plan to meet\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/2022-climate-change-bill-legislation-clean-energy\">future demands for clean energy<\/a>\u00a0(<em>SN: 12\/14\/22<\/em>).<\/p><p>On June 10, TerraPower, a company founded by Bill Gates, broke ground on what is to be one of the first of this new generation of HALEU-fueled reactors. But currently, the United States doesn\u2019t make that fuel in the amounts that will be needed by that cohort. So while the U.S. Department of Energy is funding the development of such advanced reactors, it is also working to secure an ample supply of HALEU fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<style><![CDATA[\n.email-conversion {\n  border: 1px solid #ffcccb;\n  color: white;\n  margin-top: 50px;\n  background-image: url(\"\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg\");\n  padding: 20px;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n]]><\/style>\n\n\n\n                        <style class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><![CDATA[.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2{width:100%;border:0;border-radius:20px;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-bar{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-form-progress-bar.svelte-d78fa2::-webkit-progress-value{background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);border:0;border-radius:20px}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2{margin:auto;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);cursor:pointer}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:first-child{margin-left:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.svelte-d78fa2:last-child{margin-right:0}.zephr-progress-bar-step.disabled.svelte-d78fa2{cursor:default}\n.zephr-form-button-top-margin.svelte-1eqnyqe{margin-top:20px}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe{padding:0 20px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize);font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;border-style:solid;border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);transition:backdrop-filter 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);color:var(--zf-button-color);position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:disabled:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-button.inputHeight.svelte-1eqnyqe{height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.svelte-1eqnyqe:not(inputHeight){height:calc(var(--zephr-button-height) * 1px)}.zephr-form-button.aside.svelte-1eqnyqe{width:auto;margin-left:10px}\n.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz>input[type=\"radio\"].svelte-wecxzz{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0;text-align:center}.inner-box.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-bgColor);height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .inner-box.svelte-wecxzz{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-content.svelte-wecxzz{flex-grow:1;padding:30px 20px;margin:0 10px;overflow:hidden}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .styled-box-content.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h1,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h2,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content h3,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content p,\n  .box-container .styled-box-content span\n   {color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button{color:#fff;background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderWidth) * 1px);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-button-borderRadius) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-button-fontSize)}.payment-options-container .box-container .styled-box-content button:hover{background-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted);border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-tinted)}.payment-options-container .box-container .box-content img{max-width:210px;height:auto}.box-top.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{height:40px}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top.svelte-wecxzz{color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor);position:relative;border:var(--zf-payment-options-border);border-bottom-width:0;border-radius:var(--zf-payment-options-borderRadius);border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz .box-top .box-top-text.svelte-wecxzz{font-weight:bold}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz .box-bottom.svelte-wecxzz{min-height:60px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:20px 0 30px;margin:0 30px}.button-sub-text.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{margin-top:10px}\n.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:var(--zf-payment-options-fontSize);width:100%;color:var(--zf-payment-options-color);line-height:18px;padding:31px 0 20px;display:grid;justify-content:space-evenly;justify-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));gap:13px}@media(max-width: 340px){.payment-options-container.svelte-15oxdku{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr))}}\n.zephr-form-error-message-min-height.svelte-719cfr{min-height:1.1em}.zephr-form-error-message.svelte-719cfr{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);margin-top:0.5em;position:relative;margin-left:1.2em;margin-right:1.2em}\n.zephr-form-input-inner-container.svelte-127vcsp{position:relative}.zephr-form-input-full-width.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp{width:100%;display:block;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);padding-left:8px;font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input.svelte-127vcsp::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-checkbox.svelte-127vcsp{width:auto;height:auto;margin:8px 5px 0 0;float:left}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-127vcsp{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp{width:50px;padding:0;border-radius:50%}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input-color[type=\"color\"].svelte-127vcsp::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:0}.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp,.zephr-form-input.disabled.svelte-127vcsp:hover{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);background-color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input.error.svelte-127vcsp{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}\n.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4{margin-top:10px;display:block;line-height:30px;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4.svelte-vnzoa4:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-input-label.svelte-vnzoa4 span.svelte-vnzoa4{display:block}\n.svelte-fa-base{height:1em;overflow:visible;transform-origin:center;vertical-align:-0.125em}.svelte-fa-fw{text-align:center;width:1.25em}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-bvo74f{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-bvo74f{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-bvo74f{font-size:0.75em}.spin.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 2s 0s infinite linear}.pulse.svelte-bvo74f{animation:svelte-bvo74f-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@keyframes svelte-bvo74f-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}\n.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc{display:inline-block;position:relative}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;top:0;margin:auto;text-align:center}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%, -50%)}.svelte-fa-layers.svelte-1sinijc .svelte-fa-layers-text span{display:inline-block}.svelte-fa-pull-left.svelte-1sinijc{float:left}.svelte-fa-pull-right.svelte-1sinijc{float:right}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1sinijc{font-size:0.75em}\n.container.svelte-1x0c3df{display:inline-block;height:auto}.svelte-fa-size-lg.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:1.33333em;line-height:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.225em}.svelte-fa-size-sm.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.875em}.svelte-fa-size-xs.svelte-1x0c3df{font-size:0.75em}\n.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-match.svelte-11tz5c7 ul.svelte-11tz5c7{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-11tz5c7.svelte-11tz5c7{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n.zephr-form-password-progress.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;margin-top:10px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{width:100%;height:4px;border-radius:2px}.zephr-form-password-bar.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8:not(:first-child){margin-left:8px}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin:20px 0;justify-content:center}.zephr-form-password-requirements.svelte-1b6w0g8 ul.svelte-1b6w0g8{padding-left:0;margin:0}.zephr-form-password-requirement.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{display:flex;align-items:center;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);min-height:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-password-requirement-icon.svelte-1b6w0g8.svelte-1b6w0g8{margin-right:10px;font-size:15px}\n.apple-pay-button{display:inline-block;-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button;-apple-pay-button-type:pay;width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}.apple-pay-button-black{-apple-pay-button-style:black}#google-pay-button.svelte-1acsmhs{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n#braintree-dropin-container.svelte-z7jd27{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}\n#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b{margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}#stripe-element.svelte-1lhuc6b iframe:focus{outline:none !important}\n#stripe-mobile-pay-button.svelte-1t95nqv{width:440px;max-width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:20px}\n#zuora_payment.svelte-6vr22l{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}.spinner-container.svelte-6vr22l{text-align:center;padding:2em}.zuora-disabled-iframe-container.svelte-6vr22l .z_hppm_iframe{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.3}\n#payment-element.svelte-1oygrrs{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n            var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);padding:1em}\n.check-image.svelte-12ljnq4{height:1.2em;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:0.5em}.zephr-form-success-message.svelte-12ljnq4{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);display:inline-block}\n.zephr-form-verification-resend-link-container.svelte-b6r3ph{margin-bottom:2em}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph,.zephr-form-verification-resend-text.svelte-b6r3ph{float:right;position:absolute;padding-right:2px;padding-top:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);right:0}.zephr-form-verification-resend-link.svelte-b6r3ph{cursor:pointer;color:var(--zf-link-color)}\n.zephr-form-custom-text.svelte-12fdogm{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}\n.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:6px;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.zephr-form-checkmark.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:6px;height:13px;border:solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-width:0 2px 2px 0;transform:rotate(45deg);top:3px;left:8px;box-sizing:border-box}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-checkmark.disabled.checked.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32:after{border:solid var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);border-width:0 2px 2px 0}.zephr-form-checkmark.error.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32.svelte-eyzg32{border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-checkbox.svelte-eyzg32:focus-visible+.zephr-form-checkbox-label.svelte-eyzg32>.zephr-form-checkmark.svelte-eyzg32{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{position:absolute;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;height:0;width:0}.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{display:block;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;height:23px;width:23px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ebebeb;border-radius:50%;margin-right:12px;cursor:pointer}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border-color:var(--zephr-color-action-main)}.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:17px;height:17px;background:var(--zephr-color-action-main);border-radius:50%;top:2px;left:2px}.disabled.checked.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv:after{background:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.error.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv.svelte-17rnpjv{border:1px solid var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-radio.svelte-17rnpjv:focus-visible+.zephr-form-radio-label.svelte-17rnpjv>.zephr-form-radio-dot.svelte-17rnpjv{outline:2px solid var(--zephr-color-action-main);outline-color:-webkit-focus-ring-color}\n.zephr-form-input-error-text.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-select.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;appearance:auto;width:100%;height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid\n      var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;outline:0;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);padding:10px}.zephr-form-input-select.unselected.svelte-1f2hwm0{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted)}.zephr-form-input-select.error.svelte-1f2hwm0{border-color:var(--zephr-color-warning-main)}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0{display:block;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);min-width:100%;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--zf-input-bgColor);border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);border-radius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);transition:border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-input-fontSize);font-weight:300;padding:16px 8px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);outline:0}.zephr-form-input-textarea.svelte-1f2hwm0::placeholder{color:var(--zephr-color-background-tinted);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-input-slider-output.svelte-1f2hwm0{margin:13px 0 0 10px}\n.zephr-form-link.svelte-12a6t5j{margin:10px 0;color:var(--zf-link-color);text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-link-disabled.svelte-12a6t5j{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);cursor:none;text-decoration:none}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-reset-link-container.svelte-11qigta{min-height:2.5em}.zephr-form-link-message.svelte-11qigta{margin:10px 0 10px 20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n.zephr-form-google-icon.svelte-155mfls{width:20px}\n.zephr-form-social-sign-in.svelte-18a7qws{align-items:center}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws{width:100%;min-height:55px;padding:15px;color:#000;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);border-radius:10px;font-size:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;margin-top:20px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-button.svelte-18a7qws:hover{background-color:#fafafa}.zephr-form-social-sign-in-icon.svelte-18a7qws{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-right:30px;width:25px}\n.zephr-form-promo-input-container.svelte-19l6fte{flex:0.6}.zephr-form-promo-activate-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;cursor:pointer;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);line-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);color:var(--zf-link-color)}.zephr-form-promo-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;min-height:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 1px);margin:1em 1.2em}.zephr-form-addon-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-prorate-disclaimer.svelte-19l6fte{padding-top:0.25em;padding-left:1em;color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-summary-charge-description.svelte-19l6fte{color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-charge-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex;padding-top:1em;margin-left:1.2em;padding-left:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-right.svelte-19l6fte{margin-left:auto;margin-right:1.5em;text-align:right}.zephr-form-summary-line-left.svelte-19l6fte{margin-left:10px}.zephr-form-summary-promo-middle.svelte-19l6fte{position:relative;top:calc(var(--zephr-input-height) * 0.5px)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-19l6fte{border:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);border-radius:var(--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius);padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;font-size:var(--zf-payment-summary-fontSize);margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;color:var(--zf-payment-summary-color);background-color:var(--zf-payment-summary-bgColor)}.zephr-form-summary.svelte-19l6fte:first-child{margin-top:0}.zephr-form-summary-title.svelte-19l6fte{margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-price-line.svelte-19l6fte{font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line.svelte-19l6fte{display:flex}.zephr-form-summary-price-line-upper.svelte-19l6fte{border-top:var(--zf-payment-summary-border);margin-top:1em}.zephr-form-summary-line-title.svelte-19l6fte{flex:0 0 65%;margin-left:1.2em}.zephr-form-summary-line-price.svelte-19l6fte{flex:1;text-align:right;margin-right:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-divider-container.svelte-1ni5n6w{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:1.5em 0}.zephr-form-divider-line.svelte-1ni5n6w{height:1px;width:50%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-line-complete.svelte-1ni5n6w{height:1px;width:100%;margin:0 5px;background-color:var(--zephr-color-text-tinted)}.zephr-form-divider-text.svelte-1ni5n6w{margin:0 12px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:14px;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily);white-space:nowrap}\n.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq.svelte-1bpa3mq{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center}.zephr-form-login-link.svelte-1bpa3mq>a.svelte-1bpa3mq{color:var(--zf-link-color);margin-left:0.25em}\n.zephr-form-account-code-container.svelte-ctt9he{margin-top:1.5em}\n.zephr-form-invitation-container.svelte-yy7ok3{border:1px solid;margin:1.5em 0;padding:20px;color:var(--zephr-color-text-main)}.zephr-form-invitation-title.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form-invitation-email.svelte-yy7ok3{display:flex;align-items:center}.zephr-form-invitation-input-container.svelte-yy7ok3{flex-grow:1}.zephr-form-invitation-success-message.svelte-yy7ok3{margin-top:0.5em}\n.zephr-form-content.svelte-1g2h5zh{padding:var(--zf-container-padding);background-color:var(--zf-container-bgColor);border:var(--zf-container-border);border-radius:var(--zf-container-borderRadius)}.zephr-payment-options-content.svelte-1g2h5zh{background-color:transparent;border:none;border-radius:0}.zephr-form-max-width.svelte-1g2h5zh{max-width:var(--zf-container-maxWidth);margin:auto}.close-button-container.svelte-1g2h5zh{text-align:right;width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.close-button.svelte-1g2h5zh{cursor:pointer;display:inline;padding:7px;min-width:32px;min-height:32px;border-radius:16px;margin:1px}\n.zephr-form{--zf-root-fontSize:16px;--zf-root-fontFamily:var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);--zf-container-maxWidth:440px;--zf-container-padding:20px;--zf-container-margin:20px auto;--zf-container-border:none;--zf-container-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-container-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-container-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-subtext-fontSize:12px;--zf-link-color:#6ba5e9;--zf-input-fontSize:var(--zf-root-fontSize);--zf-input-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-background-main, transparent);--zf-button-fontSize:calc(var(--zephr-button-fontSize, 16) * 1px);--zf-button-color:#fff;--zf-password-valid-color:#7bcb7f;--zf-password-invalid-color:#c4c4c4;--zf-payment-options-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-options-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-bgColor:var(--zf-container-bgColor);--zf-payment-options-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-options-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-options-highlighted-bgColor:var(--zephr-color-accent-main);--zf-payment-summary-fontSize:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);--zf-payment-summary-color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);--zf-payment-summary-bgColor:var(--zf-input-bgColor);--zf-payment-summary-border:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderWidth) * 1px) solid var(--zephr-input-borderColor);--zf-payment-summary-borderRadius:calc(var(--zephr-input-borderRadius) * 1px)}.zephr-form.svelte-1ta1qs8{color:var(--zf-container-color);margin:var(--zf-container-margin);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize);font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}.zephr-form *{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.zephr-form) button{text-transform:unset;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily, unset);font-size:var(--zf-root-fontSize, unset);line-height:unset;margin:unset;padding:unset;border:unset;background:unset;&:hover, &:focus-visible {\n            border: unset;\n            background: unset;\n        }}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(--zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(--zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(--zf-root-fontFamily)}\n]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        <style><![CDATA[.zephr-form-max-width.zephr-payment-form-max-width {\n    background-image: url(https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/themes\/sciencenews\/client\/src\/images\/cta-module@2x.jpg);\n    padding:20px;\n    max-width: 100%;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text > p {\n    display: none;\n}\n\nform.zephr-form-content {\n    opacity: .9;\n}\n\nlabel.zephr-form-checkbox-label {\n    font-size: 1.2rem;\n    font-weight: bolder;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-custom-text > h4 {\n    color: black !important;\n}\n\nbutton.zephr-form-button {\n    background: #d4441f !important;\n    font-weight: bold !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n}\n\nlabel.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label {\n    color: white;\n    font-size: 1.6rem;\n}\n\n.zephr-form-content {\n    background:#2f537f;\n    \n}\n\n.zephr-payment-form-custom-text {\n    margin-top: .2rem;\n}\n\n.zephr-payment-form-checkbox-label {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    font-family: var(--zephr-typography-body-font), var(--zephr-typography-body-fallbackFont);\n    color: white;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}]]><\/style>\n                        \n                        \n<\/aside>\n\n\n<p>But some scientists are raising concerns about the rise of HALEU. According to a commentary in the June 7\u00a0<em>Science<\/em>, HALEU\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.ado8693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could be used to make a nuclear<\/a>\u00a0weapon, something not possible with current reactor-grade fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HALEU\u2019s potential for providing power, and the weapons worries that may come along with it, raise pressing questions. Here are four things to know about HALEU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is HALEU?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with standard reactor fuel, HALEU contains a larger proportion of a key variety of uranium, the isotope uranium-235. U-235 is fissile: Its nucleus splits into two upon absorbing a low-energy neutron, releasing energy in the process.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naturally occurring uranium contains only about 0.7 percent U-235. Most of the remainder is the isotope U-238. To be used in a nuclear power plant, uranium must be enriched to contain more U-235. Standard reactor-grade uranium contains about 3 to 5 percent U-235. Uranium enriched to 20 percent or above is known as highly enriched uranium, which, unlike reactor-grade uranium, can be used to make nuclear weapons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HALEU falls between those two extremes, with around 5 to 20 percent U-235. That means it can be used in ways that reactor-grade uranium can\u2019t, but the United States and other countries don\u2019t restrict its use as tightly as highly enriched uranium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3141092\">High-assay low-enriched uranium fuel (shown) is being made at Idaho National Laboratory using spent fuel from a retired nuclear reactor.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3141092\">Idaho National Laboratory<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why are people so interested in it?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The HALEU hoopla has been fueled by the interest in advanced nuclear reactors. That term lumps together a wide variety of reactor designs that don\u2019t fit the standard mold for reactors in the United States. Advanced reactors are often smaller than typical reactors and may use a substance other than normal water for cooling, such as liquid sodium. And advanced reactors commonly require HALEU, typically enriched to just under 20 percent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With HALEU, \u201cyou\u2019re able to make the core smaller and more energy-efficient in the space that you have, thus reducing construction costs,\u201d says nuclear engineer Josh Jarrell of Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls. And HALEU fuel can be used in forms that differ from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/radioactive-fuel-turns-goo-during-nuclear-meltdown\">uranium dioxide fuel<\/a>\u00a0used in current reactors (<em>SN: 11\/20\/14<\/em>). Some reactor designs use a metallic fuel, or poppy seed\u2013sized coated pellets of uranium called TRISO. The different fuel options and different reactor designs can be a plus for safety, Jarrell says. \u201cDepending on the design, they don\u2019t actually require human involvement to shut down safely.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>At the moment, most advanced reactors in the United States exist only on paper. But DOE is funding\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/oced\/advanced-reactor-demonstration-projects-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two advanced reactor demonstration projects<\/a>: TerraPower\u2019s Natrium Reactor in Kemmerer, Wyo., and X-energy\u2019s Xe-100 Reactor in Seadrift, Texas. Both require HALEU.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where does HALEU come from?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s no established, large-scale commercial supplier of HALEU in the United States. And no matter how advanced a reactor is, it\u2019s useless without fuel. Russia produces HALEU, but a U.S. law passed in May will\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/prohibiting-imports-of-uranium-products-from-the-russian-federation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prohibit most importation of uranium from Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure that advanced reactor projects have fuel, the U.S. government has been supporting efforts to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ne\/haleu-availability-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produce the material<\/a>. A Maryland-based company, Centrus Energy Corp., has begun producing some HALEU as part of a demonstration project in collaboration with DOE at an enrichment facility in Piketon, Ohio.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/062724_ec_HALEU_inline2.jpg?resize=680%2C357&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"A uranium processing facility with tall tubes stretching up to the ceiling\" class=\"wp-image-3141093\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/062724_ec_HALEU_inline2.jpg?w=680&amp;ssl=1 680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/062724_ec_HALEU_inline2.jpg?resize=330%2C173&amp;ssl=1 330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3141093\">Centrifuges are used to create high-assay low-enriched uranium at a facility in Piketon, Ohio.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3141093\">Centrus Energy Corporation<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As commercial enrichment operations get up to speed, a stopgap technique takes preexisting highly enriched uranium and blends it with other uranium to lower its enrichment. Idaho National Laboratory is currently performing this process using spent fuel from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ne\/articles\/spent-nuclear-fuel-retired-government-reactor-getting-second-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a retired nuclear reactor<\/a>, with the target of producing 10 metric tons of HALEU. \u201cThe goal is to make sure we have a reasonable HALEU supply to allow some of these advanced reactor companies to demonstrate those first reactors,\u201d Jarrell says. DOE has projected that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ne\/articles\/us-department-energy-seeks-input-creation-haleu-availability-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 40 metric tons<\/a>\u00a0of HALEU will be needed by 2030, and additional HALEU will be required each year thereafter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other countries such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/uk-first-in-europe-to-invest-in-next-generation-of-nuclear-fuel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the United Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0are likewise making plans to produce HALEU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the concerns?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Historically, HALEU has not been considered useful for weapons. But now that HALEU appears poised for widespread use, scientists are looking closer. A bomb made of HALEU with 19.75 percent enrichment could match the yield of the one that the United States\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/atomic-bomb-physics-fission-hiroshima-anniversary\">dropped on Hiroshima in 1945<\/a>,\u00a0physicist Edwin Lyman\u00a0and colleagues report in the\u00a0<em>Science<\/em>\u00a0commentary (<em>SN: 8\/6\/20<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HALEU is not as easy to work with as highly enriched uranium \u2014 significantly larger quantities of the material would be needed to make a weapon. But the amount contained in a single reactor could be enough, says Lyman,\u00a0of the Union of Concerned Scientists. \u201cIf you have a reactor that requires 300 or 400 kilograms of HALEU, that would be sufficient probably to make a crude nuclear weapon with a significant yield.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If HALEU use becomes more widespread, Lyman and colleagues worry, countries that currently don\u2019t have nuclear weapons could squirrel that HALEU away to make them, or terrorist organizations could steal HALEU and put it to nefarious use. Security standards for HALEU should be beefed up to consider this risk, they say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<br>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/nuclear-fuel-reactors-uranium\">Source link <\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nuclear power of the future is going to need fuel. That has governments, energy companies and nuclear engineers clamoring to get their hands on HALEU: high-assay low-enriched uranium. HALEU (pronounced like \u201cHey, Lou\u201d) was previously a niche material, used mainly in nuclear reactors conducting scientific research. But now, multiple companies in the United States have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.sciencenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/062724_ec_HALEU_inline1.jpg?resize=680%2C357&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[606],"tags":[24495,11094,3101,5896,18418,71602],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86844"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86844"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86846,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86844\/revisions\/86846"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.talkwithrattan.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}